Private - Aeronautical Decision Making & Aeromedical Factors

REF: Cessna Private Pilot Training - Stage 1, Phase 1

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

* The systematic approach to make the best decisions based on the situation.
* Is an ever-evolving decision making approach.
* Uses the 5P’s, PAVE, and DECIDE models to help with ADM.

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Skills:

* Stick/Wheel usage
* Aircraft usage
* Aeronautical skills

5P’s Checklist

Used to help with ADM

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**P**lan

**P**lane

**P**ilot (IMSAFE checklist)

**P**assengers

**P**rogramming

IMSAFE Checklist

Used to evaluate pilot’s physical and mental wellbeing before a flight.

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**I**llness

**M**edication

**S**tress

**A**lcohol (no alcohol within 8 hours)

**F**atigue & Food

**E**motion

PAVE Checklist

Used to help with ADM , Situational Awareness, and Risk Management

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**P**ilot (fatigue, hunger, need to use restroom)

**A**ircraft (fuel state, mechanical condition)

en**V**ironment (terrain, weather, impending darkness)

**E**xternal Pressures (feeling of being late/in a hurry, increasing desire to complete your trip as planned)

4 Types of Hypoxia

__**Hypoxic Hypoxia**__ - Reduced oxygen (due to pressure most commonly)

__**Hypemic Hypoxia**__ - Not enough blood (from carbon monoxide). Lack of iron = lack of blood.

__**Stagnant Hypoxia**__ - Blood may not be moving through body. Caused by increased G-forces. Aspirin (blood thinners) helps overcome Stagnant Hypoxia.

__**Histletoxic Hypoxia**__ - Caused by toxins, alcohol.

Single-Pilot Resource Management (SRM)

The art and science of managing all resources available to the pilot (onboard and external) before, during, and after the flight to ensure the successful outcome of the flight.

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Consists of:

* Task management
* Automation management
* Risk management & ADM
* Situational Awareness
* Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) awareness

Automation Management (AM)

The demonstrated ability to CONTROL and NAVIGATE the plane by means of automated systems installed on the plane (including, but not limited to, GPS and autopilot).

What is the main goal of Task Management?

* PRIORITIZE and select the most appropriate tasks to successfully manage a flight.
* First Priority = Fly the plane

DECIDE checklist

Used to help with ADM

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**D**etect

**E**stimate

**C**hoose

**I**dentify

**D**o Necessary Actions

**E**valuate

What is involved with Decision Making?

**RECOGNITION** of the situation or changes

**ASSESSMENT** of the alternative actions available

**DECISION** to act

**CONTROLLING** the risks

**MONITORING** the response to your actions

5 common Hazardous Attributes

**Anti-Authority** (“Don’t tell me”)

**Impulsivity** (“Do something now”)

**Invulnerability** (“It won’t happen to me”)

**Macho** (“I can do it”)

**Resignation** (“What’s the use?”)

What is Situational Awareness?

Knowing what is going on around you and how it affects you.

CARE checklist

Use CARE checklist once you’ve identified the changes taking place

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**Consequences**

* How have the changes affected the risk factors in your flight?
* Is it time to do something different?

**Alternatives**

* What are your alternatives, considering the situation?
* Always having an alternative is one of the most important considerations of flying.

**Reality**

* Deal with things as they really are, not as you planned them to be.
* Don’t be in denial.

**External Pressures**

* Are pressures influencing you to continue when you shouldn’t?
* Are you feeling an increase desire to press on?
* Are you feeling in a hurry?

Order of Priorities

1. AVIATE
2. NAVIGATE
3. COMMUNICATE

What is Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT) awareness?

CFIT occurs when an airworthy aircraft is flown, under the control of a qualified pilot, into terrain, water, or obstacles.

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Commonly occurs:

* During the day in low visibility
* During the night
* In mountainous areas
* In areas where pilot is unfamiliar with the terrain

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Easiest way to avoid CFIT is to:

* Gather complete weather and terrain info, and
* Understand the significance of the info collected

What us Cockpit Resource Management (CRM)?

AKA “Crew Resource Management”

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Includes you, as PIC, optimizing your use of:

**Human Resources**

* Internal to the aircraft
* External to the aircraft

**Hardware**

* Aircraft checklists
* POH
* Autopilot
* Navigation systems

**Printed Resources**

* Chart Supplements
* Sectional and/or terminal area charts