Russia and its rulers

19th century Russia's size

21 million square kilometres. Twice the size of Europe and a sixth of the globe's surface

Russian army size 1850's and conscription time.

1.5 million. 25 years

How much of government spending was maintenance of the army and navy in 1855?

45%

What was the ratio of village to town dwellers in Russia compared to Britain in 1855?

11:1 to 2:1

How many ethnic groups were in Russia in 1855?

18

What % of the Russian empire population were ethnic Russians

55%

How many serfs were emancipated in 1861

23 Million

Who was exempt from emancipation?

State-Owned sefs

What were the conditions of the Emancipation?

Payments for 49 years at 6% interest

In 1878 how many peasants were capable of producing a surplus

50%

Increase in primary schools and students in primary schools from 1856-1881

8000 to 23000 schools and from 400000 to over one million

change of Students in university from 1856 to 1870s

3600 to 10000

Number of books published in 1855, 1864, and 1894

1000, 1800, 11000

Who was the okhrana run by from 1881-1884

von Plehve

Who was the okhrana run by from 1884-1893

Durnovo

How many people were literate in 1897

21%

What happened in May 1881

A law was passed which reduced redemption payments

When was the peasants land bank established

1883

Muslim population of the Russian empire by 1900

10 million

How many poles joined the polish national government during the January Uprising 1863

200000

What measure was made in Ukraine in 1876

The use of Ukrainian in publications or performances was banned

In 1883 how was non-Orthodox churches affected

They weren't allowed to build new places of worship, wear religious dress or spread propoganda

How much of European Russia did the Pale of Settlement take up

20%

How many jewish workers were expelled from Moscow in 1891

10000

How much government revenue came from indirect taxation in 1878

66%

What was the growth rate during Reuterns term of office (1862-1878)

6%

Who was the minister of finance from 1887-1892?

Vyshnegradsky

What did Vyshnegradsky do in 1891

Tariff Act 1891, increasing import tariffs by 30%

Grain export quantity increase from 1881-1891

18%

How many provinces of Russia did the 1891-2 famine affect

17 out of 39 provinces- almost half

How many people died of disease during the 1891-2 famine

350000

How much did fdi increase by from 1880 to 1895

98 million to 280 million

By 1897 how big was Russia's industrial economy compared to the rest of the world

4th biggest

By the mid 1890s how much of the Russian railway system was controlled by the state

60%

How much land did the average peasant own

4 hectacres

What % of university professors came from hereditary nobility in 1880

20%

What % of society were middle class in 1897

less than 50%

What was life expectancy in Russia compared to England

28 to 45

How much of the population were part of the Orthodox Church in the 90s

70%

What was the Khodynka tragedy?

1400 people were trampled during Nicholas's coronation as they were offered free food drinks and gifts

How many people were crushed in the Kodynka tragedy

1400

Strikes in 1894 and 1904

17000 and 90000

How many people striked because of the Putilov Iron works in January 1905

150,000

How many troops broke up the March to the winter palace in 1905

12000

How many unarmed workers marched on Bloody sunday

150000

How many marrchers were killed on bloody sunday

190

How many troops were killed in the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese war

90000

Who could vote according to the october manifesto

Men over 25 who owned 400 acres of land

What % of government proposals did the third Duma of 1907-1912

88%

How many people died by stolypins neckties? (New court system which allowed speedy trials)

3000

What was the growth rate per year from 1894 to 1913

8%

What % did railway tracks increase by unde Witte

100%

What did railway tracks increase from 1881-1901

26000 to 56000km

% of income from industrial investment from 1903-1913

25%

1905 railway track length

60000km

From what dates was the Trans-Siberian Railway laid

1891-1902

How long was the TransSiberian railway

7000km

From 1887 and 1908 what was the % increase in factory workers

100%

From 1887 to 1908 what was the increase of factories

30000 to 40000

How much of industrial output as a % was Light industry and textiles in 1910

40%

How much did grain production increase by from 1900 to 1914?

54 million tons to 90 million tons

How many peasants did stoypin encourage to emmigrate

3.5 million

What % of land did nobility own in 1914

50%

Factory workers from 1900 to 1913

2 million to 6 million

Urban population of the empire from 1964-1917

7 million to 28 million

In 1900 what % of houses had running water or sewage system

40%

Women as a % of the industrial workforce, 1881 and 1914

20% and 33%

Government expenditure on primary education from 1896 to 1914

5 million roubles to 82 million

Literacy rate in 1914

40%

When were the SRs set up

1901

What did the SRs advocate

Land socialism and decentralised government

What did the fourth duma do when the war started

Dissolved itself

How many Russians died in the Battle of Tannenburg

300000

How many people were mobilised from 1914-1917

15 million

How many desertions were there by Russians in 1916

1.5 million

What was spending on war from 1914 to 1918

1500 million roubles to 14500 million

What was the % rise in living cost during WW1

300%

How many workers went on strike to mark the anniversary of bloody sunday in 1917

150,000

Prices as a % of 1914 levels in January 1917 and October

300% and 750%

How much of Russia's population did Brest-Litovisk make them lose

1/6

What did Bolshevik members increase from and to in February to October

20000 to 200000

How much land did Russia lose in km due to Brest-Litovisk

2 million square km

How much agriculture output did Russia lose to Brest-Litivosk

1/3

How much of railway track did Russia lose to Brest-Litivosk as a %

25%

How much of Russias iron and coal supplies were lost to Brest-Litivosk

75%

What did Lenin do in 1922 to defeat opposition

Show trials of rightist SRs

What did Lenin call Stalin in his testament

Rude and unnecessarily rough

How many people worked for the government in 1920

5 million

How many soldiers did the Czech legion have

50000

What was the nomenklatura system

5500 key party and government posts which could only be appointed by the agreement of the party central committee