the Cell Cycle Biology exam revision

Flashcards on Cell Division and Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle

Events that take place from one cell division to another, including Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis.

Interphase

The collective stages between mitoses, including G1 (growth), S (synthesis), and G2 (growth).

G1 phase

First growth phase where the cell carries out normal functions, produces new proteins, and grows.

S phase

Synthesis phase where DNA chromosomes are duplicated in the nucleus, ready for cell division.

G2 phase

Second growth phase where the cell prepares for cell division.

M phase (Mitosis)

Cell division into two daughter cells, consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

G0 phase

Non-proliferating state where cells are undergoing an extended G1 phase and are not preparing to replicate DNA and divide.

Prokaryotic Cell Division

Reproduction by binary fission instead of mitosis in prokaryotes, which have no nucleus.

Binary Fission

Process of prokaryotic cell division including DNA replication, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.

Mitosis

Cell division process, consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Interphase (in context of Mitosis)

Stage where chromosomes are not yet visible, DNA strands are loose, and centrioles are present.

Prophase

Stage where chromatin threads condense, centrioles move to opposite ends of cell, microtubules radiate, nuclear membrane breaks down, and chromosomes pair up.

Metaphase

Stage where chromatid pairs move to the center of the cell and line up along the middle.

Anaphase

Stage where spindle fibers contract and pull chromatid pairs apart from each other.

Telophase

Stage where chromosomes de-condense, a new nuclear envelope forms, nucleoli reform, and the spindle disassembles.

Cytokinesis

Cytoplasmic division occurring after mitosis, resulting in two new daughter cells.

Centrosome

Area in the cell where microtubules are produced.

Centrioles

Small organelles within the centrosome that replicate during cell division.

Stem Cells

allow for differentiation, specialisation and renewal of cells and tissues, including the concepts of pluripotency and totipotency.