REN R 221 Lec 1

Phanerophyte

perennating buds during dormant season over 25cm above soil

Chamaephytes

perennating buds during dormant season less than 25cm above soil

Hemicryptophyte

perennating buds during dormant season near soil surface

Cryptophytes

perennating buds during dormant season below soil or water

Geophytes

perennating buds during dormant season below dry soil

helophytes

perennating buds during dormant season below marsh

Hydrophyte

perennating buds during dormant season below water (submerged)

Epiphytes

plants with no root connection to soil

Therophytes

plants that are annuals

Foliate

buds with no bud scales

valvate buds

buds that have scales that don’t overlap

imbricated buds

buds that have scales that overlap

terminal bud

bud formed on the end of the twig; denotes the end of the present year’s growth; no leaf scar

lateral buds

buds formed at the base of the leaf

abscise

when bud scales (stipules) fall off

Lamina

leaf blade

rachis

the center of a compound leaf that the leaflets attach to

actinomorphic flowers

flowers that are radially symmetrical

zygomorphic flowers

flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical

Gynoecium

the pistil (comprised of the stigma, style, and ovary)

Androecium

the stamen (comprised of the anther and filament)

perianth

comprised of the corolla (petal) and calyx (the sepal)

hypogynous

superior ovary

perigynous

ovary half-inferior

epigynous

inferior ovary

sessile flower

flower without a pedicel

lenticel

holes in bark that allow for gas exchange

monopodial branching

one apical bud responsible for increases in plant height (eg. conifers); main axis dominant

sympodial branching

initial apical meristem is not long lived and elongation of the lateral branches result in stem elongation (no one is dominant)

monochasium

(type of sympodial branching) that has lateral branches growing off the last one that grew)

regular dichasium

(a type of sympodial branching) where the lateral branches grow many off of the lateral branches (eg. Highbush cranberry); these are well adapted to disturbances such as fire, floods, herbivory

caulescent

plant with an obviously leafy stem

cauline

words used when referring to a stem

acaulescent

refers to plants without a stem or the stems are very short with basal leaves (eg. dandelion)

determinate growth

growth when inflorescence stops the growth of the plant

indeterminant growth

growth when the inflorescence does not stop the growth of the plant