Renaissance Exploration and the Reformation Flashcards

Flashcards about Renaissance Exploration and the Reformation

Amerigo Vespucci

Italian explorer after whom the continent of North America is named.

Circumnavigate

To sail or travel all the way around something, especially the world.

Bartolomeu Dias

The first European explorer to sail west to east around the Cape of Good Hope.

Portugal

Country Bartolomeu Dias was from.

Cape of Good Hope

Located at the southern tip of the western Cape Province of South Africa.

HMS Terror Crew

Perished during Sir John Franklin's Arctic expedition (1845-1848); Crew attempted to walk across King William Island but all died of starvation, scurvy, other hardships.

Sir John Franklin

Captain of the HMS Terror.

Sir John Franklin's Arctic expedition goal

Navigate and map the Northwest Passage through the Arctic.

Hernán Cortés

Early explorer who visited both Cuba and Mexico during his expeditions.

Astrolabe

Determined latitude and measure altitude of sun/stars; determined location and time; make astrological predictions

Compass

Shows directions (primarily north); used for orientation and navigation.

Caravel

Light, fast, highly maneuverable sailing ships; carried cargo/trading goods; faster and more durable than other ships.

Cause of Scurvy

Caused by deficiency of vitamin C through food.

Symptoms of Scurvy

Bleeding gums, loose teeth, skin hemorrhages, poor wound healing, fatigue.

Scurvy Prevention

Eat limes or lemons

The Reformation

A massive revolution in the Catholic Church in Europe during the 1400s and 1500s where many people broke away from the Roman Catholic Church and formed their own new churches to protest what was happening

Taxes during the Reformation

the church was collecting taxes whenever it wanted, seemed not to care if people could pay.

Nepotism

The practice of giving jobs to relatives instead of qualified people

Simony

The church sells church positions, and the person would collect wages even if they didn't do their job

Indulgences

Paying a priest to forgive your sin

Predestination

Belief that the fate of everyone's soul was decided long ago by God.

Free Will

Belief that man's fate is not decided and that he has the power to choose

Martin Luther

The man who started the Reformation.

Ninety-Five Thesis

A list of 95 arguments against Church practices written by Martin Luther.

Luther's Beliefs

Faith in God was enough to admit one to heaven and that obeying and paying the Church didn't matter.

Protestantism

Grew from Martin Luther's ideas of a personal relationship with God.

The Counter-Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Reformation