Snoopy-Early Sun Display On Earth

Who painted Snoopy-Early Sun Display On Earth?

Alma Thomas

Who stated, "Through color I have sought to concentrate on beauty and happiness, rather than on man's inhumanity to man"?

Alma Thomas

What is the title of Alma Thomas's selected work?

Snoopy-Early Sun Display On Earth

Give an example of a painting by Alma Thomas mentioned in the text.

Snoopy-Early Sun Display on Earth

In what year was Snoopy-Early Sun Display On Earth created?

1970

When was "Black Ecology" written?

1970

When was Alma Thomas made?

1970

What was Alma Thomas's ethnicity?

African-American

Besides being an artist, what was Alma Thomas's other profession?

Teacher

Where was Alma Thomas born?

Columbus, Georgia

At what age did Alma Thomas move with her family to Washington, D.C.?

Sixteen years old

What were two reasons Alma Thomas's family moved to Washington, D.C.?

To escape racial oppression and continue her education

What was Alma Thomas's distinction upon graduating from Howard University?

She was the first graduate from the university's newly established fine arts program

From what university did Alma Thomas graduate?

Howard University

What degree did Alma Thomas earn from Howard University?

A bachelor's degree in fine art

In what year did Alma Thomas graduate from Howard University?

1924

Where did Alma Thomas pursue a career as an art teacher locally in D.C.?

Shaw Junior High School

How many years did Alma Thomas teach?

Thirty-five years

What did Alma Thomas continue to practice during her thirty-five years of teaching?

Her own art as a painter

What master's degree did Alma Thomas earn?

A master's degree in art education

What did Alma Thomas actively promote in the city during her teaching career?

Community arts programs

In what year did Alma Thomas retire from teaching?

1960

What did Alma Thomas turn her attention to full-time after retiring from teaching?

Her own painting

How did Alma Thomas's painting style shift recently before her retirement?

From figurative art to abstract art

What does figurative art depict?

Real-life scenes

What does abstract art foreground?

Shape and color

What distinction did Alma Thomas achieve with her solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art?

She was the first Black woman to have a one-person exhibition at that institution

In what year was Alma Thomas's art exhibited in a solo exhibition?

1972

How old was Alma Thomas when her art was exhibited in a solo exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art?

Eighty-one years old

At what institution was Alma Thomas's solo exhibition held in 1972?

The Whitney Museum of American Art

How would Alma Thomas's painting Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth appear at first glance?

As a view of a solid figure against a negative ground

What type of compositions is Alma Thomas's painting Snoopy-Early Sun Display on Earth characteristic of?

Abstract, colorful compositions

During what phase of her career did Alma Thomas create abstract, colorful compositions?

The final phase of her career

What did Alma Thomas call the series to which Snoopy-Early Sun Display on Earth belongs?

"Space Paintings"

What inspired Alma Thomas's "Space Paintings"?

Recent photographs of the planet Earth

From where was the view of Earth rising above the lunar horizon photographed?

The Apollo 10 Lunar Module

Which Apollo missions took the photographs that inspired Alma Thomas's "Space Paintings"?

Apollo 10 and 11 missions

From which Apollo mission was the "Snoopy" lunar module?

Apollo 10

What agency undertook the Apollo 10 and 11 missions?

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

What other series did Alma Thomas create at the same time as her "Space Paintings"?

"Earth Paintings"

What are Alma Thomas's "Earth Paintings" named after?

Blooms of flowering plants

Name two examples of flowering plants after which Alma Thomas's "Earth Paintings" are named.

Azaleas and cherry blossoms

How did Alma Thomas display her "Space Paintings" and "Earth Paintings" series?

Together at gallery and museum exhibitions

How did Alma Thomas apply paint to the canvas in both her "Space Paintings" and "Earth Paintings" series?

In many dabs of pure, brightly colored oil paint

How does the surface appearance of paint seem in both Alma Thomas's "Space Paintings" and "Earth Paintings" series?

To almost flicker

What fascination do Alma Thomas's "Space Paintings" and "Earth Paintings" series share?

Spherical forms

In Alma Thomas's "Space Paintings," what do spherical forms play upon?

The appearance of the whole Earth

What did Stewart Brand publish?

The Whole Earth Catalog

In what type of document did Alma Thomas comment on her space paintings?

A written artist's statement

According to Alma Thomas, how are her space paintings expressed in terms of color patterns?

In the same color patterns as her earth paintings

According to Alma Thomas, what does the canvas form in her space paintings?

Intriguing motifs around and through color composition

Why is the close relationship Alma Thomas saw between Space and Earth significant for the history of environmental art?

Because her painting addressed a divide in thinking at the time between local and global ideas of ecology

What divide in thinking did Alma Thomas's painting address regarding ecology?

Between local and global ideas of ecology

Why do Alma Thomas's abstract paintings not belong to contemporary eco art?

Because their ethical orientation hadn't yet fully formed

What institution is mentioned in the caption related to Alma Thomas's 1972 exhibition?

Smithsonian Institution

In what context were Alma Thomas's abstract paintings created?

In the midst of a shift within environmentalism

Where did the shift within environmentalism occur?

Both within the visual arts and more broadly in American culture

After what is Alma Thomas's painting Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth named?

The "Snoopy" lunar module

What does the image accompanying the text depict?

A view of Earth rising above the lunar horizon

What would the solid figure in Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth appear to be?

A planet

What would the negative ground in Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth appear to be?

Deep space

What does a careful viewer note about Alma Thomas's application of paint in Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth?

It presents a surface or screen against which light seems to reflect and permeate

What does Alma Thomas's application of paint in Snoopy—Early Sun Display on Earth NOT present?

A solid orb suspended in a void

What is the approximate width of Alma Thomas's brushstrokes in her paintings?

One inch wide

What do Alma Thomas's one-inch-wide brushstrokes suggest?

The multitude of an entire planet teeming with diverse forms of life

What are Alma Thomas's one-inch-wide brushstrokes too large to fit with?

Common conceptions of continents or countries

What does the closeness of Alma Thomas's strokes invite the viewer to envision the subject of her painting as?

A great deal smaller and closer at hand than the Earth in its entirety

What characteristic sense of depth is present in Alma Thomas's Snoopy and other Space and Earth paintings?

An ambiguous sense of depth

What does the ambiguous sense of depth in Alma Thomas's Snoopy painting defy?

Any secure sense of whether the picture plane is very close or very far from the implied recession of depth depicted

In what month and year was the view of Earth rising above the lunar horizon photographed from the Apollo 10 Lunar Module?

May 1969

What did Lady Bird Johnson's broader approach to "beautification" encompass?

Creating cleaner water and air, Building roads, and Building park areas

For what two reasons is Lady Bird Johnson's approach to environmentalism especially resonant with Alma Thomas's practice?

1. For its impact on the artist's daily experiences in Washington and For how it addressed the natural environment

What was Washington, D.C., the center of during the period Alma Thomas made her "Earth" and "Space Paintings"?

A national beautification campaign

Who pioneered the national beautification campaign centered in Washington, D.C.?

Lady Bird Johnson

What was Lady Bird Johnson's role at the time she pioneered the national beautification campaign?

First Lady of the United States

What was the name of Lady Bird Johnson's committee for the national beautification campaign?

"Committee for a More Beautiful National Capital"

What was Lady Bird Johnson's broader approach to "beautification" not limited to?

Planting the kind of flowers and trees that would inspire many of Thomas's paintings

How did Lady Bird Johnson consider creating cleaner water and air, and building roads and park areas?

"An integral part of our national life"

What was one of the notable achievements of President Lyndon B. Johnson's time in office?

Expanded environmental policies

What environmental act was passed in 1963?

The Clean Air Act

What environmental act followed the Clean Air Act of 1963?

The Wilderness Act

In what year was the Wilderness Act passed?

1964

What two National Parks were created in 1968?

North Cascades and Redwood

In what year were the North Cascades and Redwood National Parks created?

1968

When did the Whole Earth Catalog begin publication?

1968

What was Lady Bird Johnson particularly attentive to regarding environmentalism?

Making it an inclusive movement

In what year did Lady Bird Johnson give a speech about the environment?

1967

What did Lady Bird Johnson declare about the environment in her 1967 speech?

"The environment . . . is where we all meet; where we all have a mutual"

What movement did Arne Naess launch?

The deep ecology movement

How uniformly were priorities agreed upon in the environmental movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s?

Not uniformly

When was the all-inclusive vision of environmentalism promoted?

Late 1960s and early 1970s

When was the Gaia hypothesis conceived?

Early 1970s

Who published the Whole Earth Catalog?

Stewart Brand

Who conceived the Gaia hypothesis?

James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis

What hypothesis did James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis conceive?

The Gaia hypothesis

Who launched the deep ecology movement?

Arne Naess

When was the deep ecology movement launched?

1973

What did the central tenets of the environmental movement address the Earth's ecosystems as?

A collective resource that should be protected for and by all

Who wrote "Black Ecology"?

Nathan Hare

What did Nathan Hare write?

"Black Ecology"