chapter 3 sp

Automatic processing?

Fast, unconscious, effortless thinking based on intuition and past experience.

Controlled processing?

Slow, deliberate, effortful thinking that requires attention.

Priming

When recent experiences increase the accessibility of certain thoughts or schemas.

Overconfidence

Being more confident in your judgments than is actually accurate.

Affective forecasting?

Predicting how you will feel in the future.

Impact bias?

Overestimating how intense and long-lasting future emotions will be.

Embodied cognition?

The idea that bodily sensations influence thoughts and social judgments.

Schemas

Mental structures that organize our knowledge about people, roles, and events.

Heuristics?

Mental shortcuts or rules of thumb used to make quick judgments.

Availability heuristic?

Judging likelihood based on how easily examples come to mind.

Representativeness heuristic?

Judging based on how much something matches a typical example.

Counterfactual thinking?

Imagining alternative ways past events could have happened

Illusory correlation?

Seeing a relationship between two things when none exists.

How does mood affect judgment?

Good moods promote quick, creative thinking; bad moods promote careful, detailed thinking.

Belief perseverance?

Holding onto beliefs even after evidence disproves them.

Misinformation effect?

When memories are altered by information received after an event.

Bad memories?

Memories can be distorted by current attitudes, rosy retrospection, and new information.

Attribution theory?

 people attribute behavior to internal or external

Fundamental attribution error?

Overestimating personality causes and underestimating situational causes in others’ behavior.

Self-fulfilling prophecy?

When expectations about someone lead to behaviors that cause those expectations to come true.