AP World Developments In African Kingdoms

kin

based networks

chief

Male head of the network of families who mediated conflicts and dealt with neighboring groups.

Hausa Kingdoms

ethnic group formed seven city states with no central authority. Specialized city states formed. They benefited from the trans-Saharan trade.

trans-Saharan trade

Exchange of goods across the largest African desert.

Ghana- Between the Sahara and west African rainforests. Different location than modern Ghana. Rulers sold gold and ivory to Muslim traders in exchange for salt

copper

Mali

Ghana weakened in the 12th century. This society arose and was the most powerful new trading society.

Sundiata

created a profitable gold trade for Mali

Indian Ocean trade. Connected East Africa the Middle East South Asia and East Asia. Zimbabwe was tied in through Swahili city states and prospered through its rich gold field and taxes on it.

Zimbabwe

The name means "dwellings" in Bantu. They made their houses of stone.

Great Zimbabwe City

now in ruins (in the modern African country of Zimbabwe)

Ethiopia

Christianity had spread

Indian Ocean slave trade

Slaves were traded East Africa to Southwest Asia

Zanj Rebellion

Enslaved East Africans (zanj in Arabic) on sugar plantations in Mesopotamia provided labor. Between 869-883 they mounted revolts. Led by Ali bin Muhammad 15000 enslaved people organized and captured Basra (present-day Iraqi city) and established a new government.

Timbuktu

Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning.

Gao

Capital of Songhai