ch 1 and 2 (ch 2 is incomplete)

Heliocentric

Sun is center

Geocentric

Earth is center

Eudoxus

380 BCE

Aristotle

384 - 322 BCE

Claudius ptolamus

90 -168 CE

Ptolemy

Claudius ptolamus other name

Aristarchus of samos

1st person to propose heliocentric theory (310-230 BCE)

Copernicus and Galileo

Made a more serious explanation of the heliocentric theory (1473-1543, 1564-1642)

Nicolaus Copernicus

Galileo galilei

Copernicus and Galileo full name

Telescope

Used for astronomy

Tele

Means far

Skopein

To look or see

Hans lippershey

Invented the telescope

Galileo galilei

The telescope was first used by

January 1610

Discovered that there are 4 moons revolving around Jupiter

Sidereus nuricus

The 4 moons of Jupiter was described in Galileo's book called

The starry messenger

Sidereus nuricus is also called

hydrosphere

atmosphere

geosphere

biosphere

4 earth systems

hydrosphere

includes all the water on the planet

atmosphere

mixture of gases that surrounds the earth

it shields us from the sun’s UV rays

why is the atmosphere super helpful for living organisms

71%

how much percent of water in the earth

2.5%

drinkable water in the earth

29%

land on earth

361 million

skm on water

148 million

skm on land

troposphere

where all weather occur

first layer of atmosphere

tropo

means turning of changing

stratosphere

second layer of atmosphere

where the ozone layer is

strato

means layer or spread out

ozone layer

it protects us from the ultraviolet radiation from the sun

mesosphere

third layer of the atmosphere

meteors burn up here due to the friction

meso

means middle

thermosphere

outermost and thickest layer

has two layers

thermo

means hot

ionsphere

lower temperature

known for causing aurora borealis

exosphere

outer position of thermosphere

space shuttles and satellites orbit the earth

geosphere

rocks and minerals on earth

also includes abiotic (non living parts) of soils

biosphere

where all life exists

all ecosystems

crust

outer most layer of earth

very thin

where most earthquakes occur

mantle

below the crust

largest layer

core

very hot and made of iron

outer core

liquid and made of iron

inner core

solid and temperature and pressures so great that the metals are squeezed together and not able to move

lithosphere

upper mantle’s solid outermost layer and stiff, rocky layer of the earth

asthenosphere

weak sphere

soft layer on the mantle on which the pieces of the lithosphere move

convection currents

caused by very hot material at the deepest part of the mantle rising being less dense, then cooling becomes more denser and sinks

mineral

element or chemical compound that has developed as a result of geological processes

solid

occur naturally

made of non living material

inorganic substance

crystalline structure

five main classification of materials

From cooling molten material

formed from hot magma it cools inside the crust or cools down on the surface of the earth.

lava

earth surface

magna

molten rock underground

size

depends on time they freeze into solid.

large crystals

takes a long time to form

small crystals

rapid cooling or small volume of water

evaporates

when water ______, it leaves behind the stuff that’s dissolved in it.

Color

streak

luster

hardness

crystal structure

cleavage

specific gravity

habit

characteristics that are that are most often employed to identify minerals