Lab Practical 1

WCU A&P 1 Lab Practical Terminology for Labs 1-3.

Process

An often sharp, quasi finger like projection away from main part of a bone.

Spinous process/Spine

Prominent posterior projection of a vertebra; formed by the fusion of two laminae.

Alveolar Process

Thickened ridge of bone on the maxilla and the mandible that contains sockets that holds the roots of teeth.

Tuberosity

A large, roughened elevation on a bony surface. (A medium bump)

Articulation

A joint where two bones come together

Condyle

large rounded bump that is used to form a joint with another bone

Epicondyle

A projection closely associated with a condyle, since “epi” means “above,” this is, above the condyle.

Head

The prominent, rounded, and distinct enlargement at the proximal or distal end of a bone.

Shaft/ Diaphysis

Main Shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis

The expanded ends of long bones.

Neck

The segment between the head and shaft of a bone.

Facet

Smooth, Flat surface.

Fossa

Depression or furrow in the surface of a bone.

Sulcus

A thin groove or furrow.

Fontanelle

A space between the bones of the skull in an infant or fetus, where ossification is not complete and the sutures not fully formed

Suture

A type of joint between the bones of the skull where the bones are held tightly together by fibrous tissue.

Foramen

Are holes or openings in bone, usually through which nerves and blood vessels pass.

Ligament

A dense band of connective tissue fibers that attach one bone to another.

Tendon

Connects Bone to Muscle

Canal

A tubular passage or tunnel in a bone.

Ligament

Connects Bone to Bone

Aponeurosis

a sheet of dense regular connective tissue that takes the place of a tendon in flat muscles having a wide area of attachment.

Origin

Attachment of a muscle on the more stable bone.

Insertion

Attachment of a muscle on the more moveable bone.

Action

what happens when the more mobile bone is brought toward the more stable bone during a muscular contraction.

Agonist/ Prime mover

The muscle that provides the primary force driving the action.

Antagonist

Opposition to a prime mover in that it provides some resistance and/or reverses a given movement.

Synergist

A muscle that acts in concert with another muscle to enhance its effect.

Synovial Joint

The most common type of joint in the body. Presence of a joint cavity, fluid-filled space is the site at which the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. The articular surfaces of bones are covered with smooth articular cartilage.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Hyperextension

To extend so that the angle between bones of a joint is greater than normal.

Abduction

Move away from the midline of the body.

Adduction

Move toward midline of the body.

Circumduction

movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed.

Lateral Rotation

Movement of a joint, around its long axis, away from the midline of the body.

Medial Rotation

Movement of a joint, around its long axis, toward the midline of the body.

Eversion

Turn the sole laterally or outward

Inversion

Turn the sole medially or inward

Supination

Turn the palm anteriorly (forward).

Supination

Turn the wrist and hand from palm facing front to palm facing back.

Elevation

Movement in a superior or upward direction

Depression

Inferior (downward) movement of a body part.

Dorsiflexion

Flexion of the ankle joint and elevation of the sole.

Plantar Flexion

extends the ankle joint and elevates the heel. (Point Toes)

Solution

A fluid containing dissolved materials

Solute

Materials dissolved in a solution

Solvent

Fluid component of a solution

Tonicity

Ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of cell by osmosis

Hypertonic

Solution with high osmolarity. Higher concentration of Solute where water moves outward of semipermeable membrane.

Hypotonic

Solution with lower osmolarity. Lower Solute concentration where water flows into.

Isotonic

A solution with an osmolarity that does not result in water movement across plasma membranes.

Diffusion

Passive molecular movement from area of high concentration to low concentration

Osmosis

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from one solution to another with higher concetration

Medial

Toward Midline

Lateral

Away from midline

Proximal

Closer to core

Distal

Far from core

Inferior

Lower anatomically

Superior

Higher anatomically

Posterior/ Dorsal

Back

Anterior/ Ventral

Front anatomically

Cephalic

Head

Nasal

Nose

Oral

mouth

Frontal

Forehead

Ocular

Eye

Buccal

Cheek

Mental

Chin

Otic

Ear

Cervical

Neck

Occipital

Back bone of skull

Antecubital

Inner elbow armpit

Acromial

Shoulder

Axillary

Armpit

Mammary

Breast

Thoracic

Chest

Abdominal

Abdomen and stomach

Umbilical

Belly button

Vertebral

Spine

Scapular

Back shoulder blade

Lumbar

Lower back

Sacral

Lowest part of back

Brachial

Bicep

Antebrachial

Forearm

Manual

Hand

Carpal

Wrist

Pollex

Thumb

Palmar

Palm

Digital

Finger/Toe

Olecranal

Elbow

Pelvic

Pelvis

Coxal

Hip

Gluteal

Rear-end/behind

Perineal

From genitals to anus

Pubic

Genitals

Inguinal

Pubic region

Femoral

Area of femur

Patellar

Knee cap

Popliteal

Back of knee joint