Ap Bio Modules 8 & 9

Volume

the total amount of space an occupies

3-D objects include

cells, organelle, or organism

Villi

folds and lining of the gut

Microvilli

projections of the surface of the intestinal cells

Diffusion

a process, random motion leads to net movement of molecules from regions of higher to lower concentration

Villi and Microvilli

increases the surface area of the gut allowing large organisms to absorb sufficent nutrients to support the volume of the body

Thiomargarita namibiensis

the largest known bacterial cell

Microcellular Organisms

use both diffusion and bluk flow to obtain the nutrients they need for their functions.

Alveoli

terminal air sacs

Diaphragm

a muscle that mammals have to bring in and expel air

Bulk Flow

the movement of substances driven by pressure differences