AQUATIC EXERCISE

AQUATIC EXERCISE

• Use of water that facilitates the application of established therapeutic interventions

Fear of Water

• adds stress and increases heart rate, respiratory rate, and chances of drowning

What to do: Provide instruction regarding the effects of immersion on balance, control of the immersed body, and proper use of flotation devices

Neurological Disorders

• - have difficulty maneuvering and might drown

Ataxic Patients

 Increased difficulty controlling purposeful movements

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

• Easily fatigued in temperatures greater than 33˚

  • Heat-intolerant

Controlled Epilepsy Patients

Require close monitoring

Respiratory Disorders

• lung expansion is inhibited due to hydrostatic pressure against the chest wall

  • Lungs work harder in the water

  • Adversely affects breathing

  • Maximal oxygen uptake is lower during water exercise than land exercise

Cardiac Dysfunction

• heart works harder

  • Patients with angina, abnormal blood pressure, heart disease, or compromised pump mechanisms

Small, Open Wounds and Lines

• may be covered by waterproof dressings and require proper clamping and fixation

  • May be infected if not covered properly

BUOYANCY

• Upward force that works opposite to gravity

• Upward movement of water

• Goes against up and down movements

• Property: Archimedes’ Principle

  • Immersed body experiences upward thrust equal to the volume of liquid displaced

• Archimedes’ Principle-Immersed body experiences upward thrust equal to the volume of liquid displaced

property of buoyancy is…

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

• Pressure exerted by the water on immersed objects

• Circumferential pressure exerted on an immersed body

• Pascal’s Law

  • Pressure exerted by the fluid on an immersed object is equal on all surfaces of the object

Property of hydrostatic pressure is…

VISCOSITY

• Friction occurring between molecules of liquid resulting in resistance to flow

• Goes against side-to-side movements

SURFACE TENSION

• Surface of a fluid acts as a membrane under tension

• Measured as force per unit length

THERMODYNAMICS

• Water temperature has an effect on the body

SPECIFIC HEAT

• Amount of heat (calories) required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of substance by 1˚C

• Clinical Significance: Water retains heat 1,000 times more than air

TEMPERATURE TRANSFER

• Water conducts temperature 25 times faster than air

• Heat transfer increases velocity