Integumentary System and Body Membranes

Flashcards about the integumentary system, body membranes, epidermis , dermis, hypodermis, exocrine glands, hair and nails.

Body Membranes

Protective sheets around organs, a combination of tissues

Epithelial Membranes

Combination of epithelial tissue and connective tissue

Mucous Membranes

Lines the lumen of internal organs with an opening to the outside of the body

Lamina Propria

Connective tissue in mucous membranes

Serous Membranes

Lines the outside of internal organs

Mesothelium

Epithelial tissue in serous membranes

Visceral Layer

Portion of serous membrane that touches the outside of an organ

Parietal Layer

Portion of serous membrane that does not touch the organ

Pericardium

Serous membrane around the heart

Pleura

Serous membrane around the lungs

Peritoneum

Serous membrane around organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Tunica Vaginalis

Serous membrane around the testis

Cutaneous Membrane

The skin

Epidermis

Epithelium tissue in the skin

Dermis

Connective tissue in the skin

Connective Tissue Membranes

Line cavities with only connective tissue

Synovial Membranes

Line cavities where moveable joints between two bones are formed

Meninges

Layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord

Integument

The skin

Integumentary System

Skin and associated structures

Epidermis

Outermost superficial region of the skin

Dermis

Middle region of the skin

Hypodermis

Deeper region below the dermis

Epidermis Meaning

Layer on top of the dermis

Keratinocytes

Cells that produce the fibrous protein keratin

Melanocytes

Cells that produce melanin

Langerhans’ Cells

epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Merkel Cells

Function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

Stratum Basale

Deepest epidermal layer

Stratum Spinosum

Layer where cells contain a web-like system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes

Stratum Granulosum

Layer where drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs

Stratum Lucidum

Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum

Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of keratinized cells

Dermis

Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue

Papillary Layer

Area of the dermis that makes contact with the epidermis above

Dermal Papillae

Peg-like projections in the papillary layer

Epidermal Ridges

Projections of the epidermis into the dermis

Reticular Layer

Accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness of the skin

Cutaneous Plexus

Deep network of arteries along the reticular layer

Subpapillary Plexus

Network of small arteries in papillary layer

Contusion

Damage to blood vessels in dermis

Free Nerve Endings

Extend into the epidermis and are sensitive to painful stimuli, temperature, and light touch.

Merkel Discs

In the stratum basale of the epidermis for sensation of light touch.

Meissner’s Corpuscles

In the dermal papillae sensitive to touch and vibrations.

Ruffini’s Corpuscles

Deeper into the dermis and sensitive to skin stretch.

Pacinian Corpuscles

Deeper into the dermis and detect gross, deep pressure changes and vibrations in the skin.

Hypodermis

Located below the dermis, providing stabilization for the skin and underlying organs

Subcutaneous Layer

Another name for the hypodermis

Exocrine Glands

Glands that secrete their product via ducts to the surface of the skin

Sudoriferous Glands

Glands that produce sweat to help the body cool down

Eccrine Glands

Most numerous sweat glands

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Sweat glands associated with hair follicles

Sebaceous Glands

Gland that excrete sebum to lubricate and moisturize the skin

Hair

Strands of dead keratinized cells produced by hair follicles

Hair Shaft

Part of the hair not anchored to the follicle

Hair Root

Part of the hair anchored in the follicle

Hair Matrix

Layer of mitotically active basal cells in the hair root

Medulla

Central core of the hair

Cortex

Layer of compressed, keratinized cells surrounding the medulla

Cuticle

Outer layer of the hair

Arrector Pili

Smooth muscle connected to the hair root

Nail Bed

Specialized structure of the epidermis at the tips of fingers and toes

Nail Body

Formed on the nail bed, protecting the tips of fingers and toes

First-Degree Burns

Burns where only the epidermis is damaged

Second-Degree Burns

Burns where the epidermis and upper regions of the dermis are damaged

Third-Degree Burns

Burns where the entire thickness of the skin is damaged

Body Membranes

Protective sheets around organs, a combination of tissues

Epithelial Membranes

Combination of epithelial tissue and connective tissue

Mucous Membranes

Lines the lumen of internal organs with an opening to the outside of the body

Lamina Propria

Connective tissue in mucous membranes

Serous Membranes

Lines the outside of internal organs

Mesothelium

Epithelial tissue in serous membranes

Visceral Layer

Portion of serous membrane that touches the outside of an organ

Parietal Layer

Portion of serous membrane that does not touch the organ

Pericardium

Serous membrane around the heart

Pleura

Serous membrane around the lungs

Peritoneum

Serous membrane around organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

Tunica Vaginalis

Serous membrane around the testis

Cutaneous Membrane

The skin

Epidermis

Epithelium tissue in the skin

Dermis

Connective tissue in the skin

Connective Tissue Membranes

Line cavities with only connective tissue

Synovial Membranes

Line cavities where moveable joints between two bones are formed

Meninges

Layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord

Integument

The skin

Integumentary System

Skin and associated structures

Epidermis

Outermost superficial region of the skin

Dermis

Middle region of the skin

Hypodermis

Deeper region below the dermis

Epidermis Meaning

Layer on top of the dermis

Keratinocytes

Cells that produce the fibrous protein keratin

Melanocytes

Cells that produce melanin

Langerhans’ Cells

epidermal macrophages that help activate the immune system

Merkel Cells

Function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings

Stratum Basale

Deepest epidermal layer

Stratum Spinosum

Layer where cells contain a web-like system of intermediate filaments attached to desmosomes

Stratum Granulosum

Layer where drastic changes in keratinocyte appearance occurs

Stratum Lucidum

Thin, transparent band superficial to the stratum granulosum

Stratum Corneum

Outermost layer of keratinized cells

Dermis

Second major skin region containing strong, flexible connective tissue