ON RAMPS FINALS HISTORY

Nullification

The idea that states can ignore or cancel out federal laws they believe are unconstitutional.

Nullification Crisis

A conflict in the 1830s when South Carolina refused to follow the 'Tariff of Abominations' and declared it null in their state.

The Ordinance of Nullification

A law passed by South Carolina in 1832 stating the federal tariff didn’t apply to them.

Second Bank of the United States

A national bank created in 1816 to help control the economy by regulating other banks and providing a uniform currency.

Whig Party

A political party formed in the 1830s that opposed President Jackson’s policies and supported a strong federal government.

Five Civilized Tribes

Five Native American tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole) who adapted to European ways.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

A Supreme Court case ruling that Georgia’s laws couldn’t apply to Cherokee land, asserting federal authority.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement to balance slave states and free states, admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Tallmadge Amendment

A blocked proposal that would have allowed Missouri to enter as a free state and gradually free existing slaves.

Andrew Jackson

The 7th U.S. President (1829–1837), remembered for his strong leadership and policies against the Second Bank.

Spoils System

A system where President Jackson rewarded political supporters with government jobs, leading to corruption.

South Carolina Exposition and Protest

A document by John C. Calhoun arguing that states could nullify federal laws.

Second Great Awakening

A religious movement beginning in the early 1800s focused on personal salvation and social reform.

Millennialism

The belief in a coming perfect peaceful time (a 'millennium'), often associated with religious revival.

Burned Over District

A region in upstate New York known for intense religious activity and many new religious movements.

Chief Justice John Marshall

The fourth Chief Justice known for strengthening federal government through key court decisions.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Cherokee and other tribes resulting in thousands of deaths during the journey.

Missouri Territory

The area that became Missouri, central to debates over slavery in new states.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A law allowing the removal of Native American tribes from eastern lands to areas west of the Mississippi.

Antebellum Era

The period in U.S. history before the Civil War, marked by debates over slavery and states' rights.

King Cotton

The idea that cotton was the most important cash crop in the South, boosting the Southern economy.

Domestic Slave Trade

The trade of enslaved people within the United States, particularly from the Upper South to the Deep South.

Mississippi River

A major river important for trade and transportation, significant in the context of slavery.

Evangelical Protestantism

A Christian movement emphasizing personal faith, conversion, and spreading the gospel.

Immediatism

The belief that slavery should be ended immediately without gradual steps.

Nat Turner

An enslaved man who led a violent rebellion in Virginia in 1831.

Solomon Northup

A free man kidnapped and sold into slavery, author of 'Twelve Years a Slave'.

Lyman Beecher

A minister and social reformer known for his work in the temperance movement.

The Washingtonians

A group of former alcoholics focused on helping people stop drinking.

Temperance

A movement aimed at reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption.

Colonization

The idea of relocating freed African Americans to Africa or other territories.

William Lloyd Garrison

A leading abolitionist and editor of 'The Liberator', advocating for immediate emancipation.

Abolitionist Movement

A movement to end slavery, spearheaded by figures like Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman.

Frederick Douglass

An escaped enslaved man who became a prominent abolitionist and writer.

Sarah and Angelina Grimké

Two sisters who were strong advocates for abolition and women's rights.

Declaration of Rights and Sentiments

A document from the 1848 Seneca Falls Convention calling for women's equality.

Republican Motherhood

The idea that women played a key role in educating children about citizenship.

Catherine Beecher

A writer advocating for women's education and their role as teachers.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A leader in the women’s rights movement and co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention.

Sojourner Truth

An ex-slave who became an influential advocate for abolition and women's rights.

Wilmot Proviso

A proposal to ban slavery in lands gained from Mexico after the Mexican-American War.

Free-Soil Party

A political party formed in 1848 opposing slavery in new territories.

Compromise of 1850

A set of laws passed to balance free and slave states, including the California admission.

The Fugitive Slave Act

A law requiring runaway slaves to be returned to their owners, causing Northern anger.

The Underground Railroad

A secret network aiding enslaved people in their escape to freedom.

Harriet Tubman

A leader of the Underground Railroad who helped many enslaved individuals escape.

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of 'Uncle Tom's Cabin', highlighting the evils of slavery.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A law allowing territories to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty.

Border Ruffians

Pro-slavery individuals from Missouri who influenced elections in Kansas.

The Republican Party

A party formed in the 1850s opposing the expansion of slavery.

The Lecompton Constitution

A pro-slavery constitution in Kansas that was ultimately rejected.

Bleeding Kansas

A period of violent conflict in Kansas over the issue of slavery.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A Supreme Court case ruling that African Americans were not citizens and slavery couldn't be stopped in territories.

Factors that Split the North and South

Disagreements over slavery, economic differences, and states' rights.

Confederate States of America (CSA)

The Southern states that seceded to form a government during the Civil War.

The CSA Constitution

The governing document that protected slavery and emphasized states' rights.

President Lincoln

The 16th president, known for leading the nation through the Civil War and issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

Fort Sumter

The site where the first shots of the Civil War were fired in April 1861.

Corwin's Amendment

A proposed amendment to protect slavery in the states, never passed.