Schizophrenia Spectrum, Psychotic, and Neurocognitive Disorders

schizophrenia

disorder with a range or symptoms involving disturbances with content of thought, form of thought, perception, affect, sense of self, motivation, behavior, and interpersonal functioning

delusions

deeply entrenched belief not consistent with the client’s intelligence or cultural background

hallucination

false perception not corresponding to the objective stimuli present in the environment

disorganized speech

language that is incoherent meaning in comprehensible

loosening of associations

flow of thought are vague, unfocused, and illogical

neologism

made up words

catatonia

marked psychomotor disturbances including decreased, excessive, or peculiar motor activity

paranoia

irrational belief/perception that others wish to cause you harm

inappropriate affect

emotional expressiveness which failed to correspond to the content of what is being discused

positive symptoms

exaggerations/distortion of normal thought, emotions, and behaviors including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior

negative symptoms

functioning below normal level of behavior

affective flattening

restricted range of expressed emotions

alogia

inability to speak

avolition

lack of initiative/interest

anhedonia

inability to experience pleasure

associality

inability to socialize, lack of interest in social engagement, inability to empathize

brief psychotic disorder

diagnosis used when an individual develops symptoms of psychosis that do not persist past a short period of time (less than a month)

schizophreniform disorder

disorder with psychotic symptoms that are essentially the same as those found in schizophrenia, except for the duration of symptoms (1-6 months)

schizoaffective disorder

disorder involving the experience of a major depressive, manic, or mixed episode while also meeting the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (must have 2 week period with psychotic symptoms without mood disorder symptoms)

delusional disorders

disorder where the only symptom is delusions that have lasted for at least 1 month

erotomanic type

falsely believe another person is in love with them

grandiose type

exaggerated view of self

jealous type

falsely believe their romantic partner is unfaithful

persecutory type

falsely believe someone is treating them in a malevolent manner

somatic type

falsely believe they have a medical condition (not anxiety based)

neurodevelopmental hypothesis

theory proposing that schizophrenia is a disorder of development that arises during the years of adolescence or early adulthood due to alterations in the genetic control of brain maturation

typical antipsychotics

dopamine receptors

atypical antipsychotics

effect both serotonin and dopamine transmitters

neurocognitive disorder

acquired cognitive decline in one or more of cognition based upon concerns of the client/ someone who knows the client weel and performance on objective measures

major neurocognitive disorders

disorder involving significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance

minor neurocognitive disorder

involved modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance and does not interfere with everyday living

complex attention

sustained, selective, and divided attention

executive function

planning, decision making, working memory

perceptual motor

visual, visuoconstructional, pratis, gnosis

delirium

neurocognitive disorder temporary in nature involving disturbances in attention/awareness; symptoms appear abruptly and fluctuate over the course of having the disorder

neurocognitive disorder due to alzheimer’s disease

associated with progressive, gradual decline in memory, learning, and at least one other cognitive domain

pseudodementia

false dementia, a set of symptoms caused by depression that mimic those apparent in the early stages of alzheimers disease

neurocognitive disorder due to a traumatic brain injury

concussion

neurocognitive disorder due to another general medical condition

amnesia; inability to recall information that was previously learned or to register new information; memory loss must persist over time