ResearchMethodsinEP (1)

Developmental Psychology

The study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.

Cognitive Development

The construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood.

Piaget's Stages

A theory of cognitive development that involves four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Kohlberg's Stages of Moral Development

A framework for understanding the evolution of moral reasoning through six stages grouped into three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional.

Gilligan's Theory

A critique of Kohlberg's theory, emphasizing a morality of care and relationships over a justice perspective.

Quasi-experimental Research

Research that seeks to establish cause-and-effect relationships but does not use random assignment.

Cross-sectional Design

A research method that examines participants at a single point in time across different samples or populations.

Longitudinal Design

A research study that follows the same subjects over a period of time to observe changes.

Reliability

The degree to which a measurement instrument produces stable and consistent results.

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Moral Development

The process of developing a sense of right and wrong based on experiences.

Self-regulation

The ability to manage one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in different situations.

Meta-analysis

A statistical technique that combines the results of multiple studies to arrive at a conclusion.

Qualitative Research

A form of research that seeks to understand social phenomena from the perspective of the participants.

Parental Involvement

The participation of parents in their children's education, which can positively impact academic performance.

Emotional Intelligence

The ability to identify, understand, and manage emotions in oneself and others.

Cognitive Load Theory

The theory that suggests learning happens best under manageable levels of cognitive load.

Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)

A condition that affects a child’s ability to coordinate their movements, impacting physical activity and motor skills.

Vygotsky's Theory

A theory emphasizing the role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development.

Constructivism

A learning theory stating that people construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.

Behaviorism

A learning theory based on the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.

Intrinsic Motivation

The drive to do something because it is inherently interesting or enjoyable, rather than for some separable consequence.

Self-efficacy

An individual’s belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.

Feedback

Information provided regarding aspects of one’s performance or understanding.

Peer Relationships

The social connections and interactions between individuals of similar age.

Bullying

Aggressive behavior that is intentional and involves an imbalance of power or strength.

Moral Reasoning

The process by which individuals try to determine what is right or wrong.

Social Learning Theory

The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating others.

Cultural-Historical Activity Theory

A framework for understanding the role of culture and context in the development of human behavior.

Phenomenology

An approach to research that focuses on understanding individuals' subjective experiences and the meanings they assign to them.

Play-Based Learning

An Educational approach that uses play as the main method for helping children learn.

Interactive Learning

An engaging method of learning where students actively participate and collaborate with peers.

Norms in Development

Standardized benchmarks used to evaluate the growth and progress of children in various domains.

Social-Emotional Learning (SEL)

The process of developing skills for managing emotions, establishing positive relationships, and making responsible decisions.

Fragmentation of Identity

The phenomenon where individuals experience disjointed aspects of their identity, often due to conflicting social expectations.

The Big-Fish-Little-Pond Effect

A theory that describes the negative impact of attending prestigious schools on self-esteem among students.

Identity Crisis

A period of uncertainty and confusion in which a person's sense of identity becomes insecure.

Sociocultural Theory

A theory emphasizing the role of social interaction and cultural context in psychological development.