CBA Review

What’s the function of carbohydrates?

Fast source of energy

What monomers make up carbohydrates?

Mono/dis/polysaccharides

What elements make up carbohydrates?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)

What are the functions of lipids?

Make up cell membrane, long-term energy storage

What monomers make up lipids?

Glycerol & Fatty Acid

What elements make up lipids?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO)

What are the functions of proteins?

Makes up tissues and structures (like muscles/hair), makes enzymes and antibodies, makes protein channels (cell membrane)

What monomer makes up protein?

Amino Acids

What elements make up protein?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur (CHONS)

What’s the function of nucleic acids?

DNA/RNA - stores genetic info

What monomer makes up nucleic acids?

Nucleotides

What elements make up nucleic acids?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus (CHONP)

3 similarities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Contains cytoplasm, plasma membrane, ribosomes, DNA

3 differences of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Pro: single celled, circular DNA, no nucleus Eu: Multi celled, linear DNA, nucleus

Cell wall purpose and function

Rigid, only in plants, fungi, and bacteria, provides support and protection

Cell membrane purpose and function

Flexible, in all cells, made of lipids and protein, selectively permeable barrier

The channels and pumps in the cell membrane are made of…

protein

The purpose of the channels and pumps in the cell membrane is to…

regulate movement of molecules across the membrane

The function of the nucleus is to…

store DNA (cell’s control center)

The function of the mitochondria is to…

generate ATP (powers the cell)

The function of chloroplasts is to…

do photosynthesis

What is active transport?

movement of substances across a cell membrane from low to high concentration - uses ATP

What is passive transport?

movement of substances across a cell membrane from a high to low concentration - NO ATP

What’s hypertonic mean?

solution has higher solute (salt/sugar) concentration than the cell - water moves OUT of the cell

What does hypotonic mean?

solution has a lower solute (salt/sugar) concentration than the cell - water moves INTO the cell

What does isotonic mean?

solution has the same concentration of solutes (salt/sugar) as the cell - water moves EQUALLY in and out

Reactants and products of photosynthesis

R: carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) → P: glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2)

What organelle carries out cellular respiration?

mitochondria

What organelle carries out photosynthesis?

chloroplast

Reactants and products of cellular respiration

R: glucose (C6H12O) and oxygen (O2) → P: carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)

Enzyme functions?

Biological catalyst - speeds up chemical reactions (lowers activation energy)

What type of biomolecule is an enzyme?

protein

The factors affecting enzyme activity are…

temperature, pH, substrate concentration

Enzymes are specific to only one substrate because…

their activation site is unique and complementary to the substrate

To denature means…

an enzyme lost its specific three-dimensional shape, which inactivates it

Viruses are made of…

genetic material protected in a capsid

Viruses are living - true or false?

False because they can’t carry out essential life functions and they’re not made of cells

What cells have flagella and cilia?

Prokaryotes

What’s meiosis?

2 stage cell division process that creates four unique cells from one cell

The three rules of cell theory

1. cells are the smallest living unit in all organisms 2. all living things are made of cells 3. all cells come from preexisting cells

Lysosome function

waste disposal

Vacuole function

stores materials, 

Smooth ER function

creates molecules for cell (such as lipids and hormones)

Rough ER function

has ribosomes attached, creates protein for the cell

Golgi apparatus function

modifies and packages proteins/lipids 

3 similarities of viruses and cells

1. can have DNA as genetic material 2. can be reproduced 2. are microscopic 

Digestive system function

breaks down food, eliminates waste, absorbs nutrients

Lymphatic/immune system function

protects body from disease, collects fluid lost from blood vessels and returns it to the circulatory system

Respiratory system function

brings in oxygen (for cellular resp.), removes excess carbon dioxide from body

Excretory system function

eliminates  waste products from body

Endocrine system function

controls growth, development, metabolism - maintains homeostasis

Integumentary system function

guards against infection/injury and radiation (from sun), regulates body temp.

Muscular system function

movement (with skeletal system), circulates blood, moves food through digestive system

Skeletal system function

supports body, protects internal organs, allows movement (with muscular system), stores mineral reserves

Circulatory system function

transports oxygen/nutrients/hormones to cells, fights infection, removes cell waste, regulate body temp.

Nervous system function

Recognize/coordinate bodily response to change in internal/external environments

Structures in integumentary system

skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

Structures in muscular system

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

Structures in skeletal system

bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons

Structures in circulatory system

heart, blood vessels, blood

Structures in nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Structures in digestive system

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small/large intestines, rectum

Structures in lymphatic/immune system

white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels

Structures in respiratory system

nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs

Structures in excretory system

Skin, lungs, liver, kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Structures in endocrine system

Hypothalamus, pituitary, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes