Medical Terms Flashcards: MR 1033 Definitions & Key Concepts

bronchitis

inflammation of the bronci

cheyene stokes respiration

pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea

cough

sudden forceful expulsion of air from the lungs

croup

acute respiratory disease characterized by obstruction of the larynx

dysphonia

condition of difficulty in speaking

empyema

pus in a body cavity

endotracheal

within the trachea

eupnea

good or normal breathing

heimlich maneuver

A first aid technique for choking

hemoptysis

coughing up of blood or blood stained mucus

hyperpnea

abnormally deep and rapid breathing

hyperventilation

process of excessive ventilating, thereby increasing the air in the lungs beyond the normal limit

inhalation

process of breathing in

laryngeal

pertaining to the larynx

lobectomy

surgical excision of a lobe of any organ or gland, such as the lung

nasopharyngitis

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

olfaction

process of smelling

orthopnea

inability to breath unless in an upright or straight position

palatopharyngoplasty

type of surgery that relieves snoring and sleep apnea by removing the uvula and the tonsils and reshaping the lining at the back of the throat to enlarge the air passageway

pertussis

acute, infections disease caused by bacteria, whooping cough

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx

pleuritis

inflammation of the pleura

pleurodynia

pain in the pleura

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition oof the lung caused by inhalation of dust

pneumonectomy

surgical excision of the left or right lung

pneumonitis

inflammation of the lung

pulmonology

study of pulmonary diseases

pyothorax

pus in the chest cavity

rale

abnormal sound hear on auscultation of the chest, crackling, rattling or bubbling sound

rhinoplasty

surgical repair of the nose

rhinovirus

common cold

rhoncus

snoring

sinusitis

inflammation of the sinuses

CSF

Abbreviation for cerebrospinal fluid

Sundowning

Increased agitation in late afternoon in patients with cognitive impairment

Sympathectomy

Surgical removal of part of the sympathetic nervous system

Vagotomy

Surgical cutting of the vagus nerve

Cerebral angiography

X-ray imaging of cerebral arteries using a radiopaque substance

Myelogram

X-ray of spinal canal after dye injection to diagnose spinal conditions

Neuroblastoma

Malignant tumor resembling neuroblasts

Neurofibroma

Tumor of fibrous connective tissue on a nerve

Neuroglia

Supporting cells of the central nervous system

Neurologist

Specialist in nervous system study

Neuroma

Tumor of nerve cells and fibers

Neuropathy

Pathological nervous tissue disease

Neurotransmitter

Chemical carrying impulses across neurons

Oligodendroglioma

Malignant tumor of oligodendroglia

Pallidotomy

Surgical globus pallidus destruction for Parkinson's

Papilledema

Optic disk swelling from increased intracranial pressure

Paraplegia

Lower body and leg paralysis

Paresis

Partial or incomplete paralysis

Paresthesia

Abnormal sensation like numbness or tingling

Parkinson disease

Neurological disorder due to dopamine shortage

Polyneuritis

Inflammation involving many nerves

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of all four extremities

Reye syndrome

Acute disease causing brain edema and liver issues

Sciatica

Severe pain along the sciatic nerve

Somnambulism

Sleepwalking condition

Spondylosyndesis

Surgical vertebrae binding post disk removal

Cortex

Outer layer of an organ

Alveolus

Small air sac in lungs

Anthracosis

Lung condition from coal dust

Aspiration

Drawing in foreign bodies

Bronchiectasis

Chronic bronchial dilation with infection

Bronchiolitis

Inflammation of bronchioles

Bronchoscope

Instrument to examine bronchi visually

Cyanosis

Skin discoloration from oxygen deficiency

Cystic fibrosis

Inherited progressive disease affecting the body

Dyspnea

Difficulty in breathing

Emphysema

Chronic lung disease with alveolar damage

Epistaxis

Nosebleed from vessel rupture

Exhalation

Breathing out process

Expectoration

Coughing up material from lungs

Hypoxemia

Deficient oxygen in blood

Influenza

Contagious respiratory infection

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the voice box

Mesothelioma

Malignant tumor from asbestos exposure

Pleurisy

Pleura inflammation from injury or infection

Pneumonia

Lung inflammation from various causes

Pneumothorax

Air collection causing lung collapse

Pulmonologist

Specialist in pulmonary diseases

Respirator

Device aiding breathing

Rhinorrhea

Nasal discharge

Sarcoidosis

Chronic granulomatous condition affecting organs

Spirometer

Measures lung volume during inspiration and expiration

Sputum

Substance coughed up from the lungs

Stridor

High-pitched sound from airway obstruction

Tachypnea

Rapid breathing

Thoracocentesis

Surgical puncture of chest for fluid removal

Thoracoplasty

Surgical repair of chest wall

Thoracotomy

Incision into the chest wall

Tonsillitis

Inflammation of the tonsils

Tracheal

Relating to the windpipe

Tracheostomy

Creation of a new opening in the windpipe

Tracheotomy

Incision into the windpipe

Ventilator

Machine supporting breathing for individuals

Wheeze

High-pitched sound from airway constriction

Decongestants

Relieve nasal congestion from colds or allergies

Bronchodilators

Dilate air passages to improve airflow

Bronchoscopy

Visual examination of larynx, trachea, and bronchi