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Quantitative

Quantitative

#Of data

Qualitative

Appearance

Solid

Defined shape, strong attraction, particles are absolute

Liquid

Indefined shape, weak attraction, definite volume

Gas

Indefined shape, no attraction, most energy

Chemical

Alters substance & makes a new one

Physical

Alters appearance, no new substance, stays the same

Compound

Has 2 or more elements , chemically bonded (H20)

Element

Only 1 element, ( o, fe )

Immiscible

Can tell its a mixture ( rocks in dirt)

Miscible

Can't tell it's a mixture ( chocolate milk)

Mixture

2 + substances

Chromatography

To figure out if substance is pure, separates 2+ dissolved substance

Filtration

Has insoluble substances, uses a Porus barrier to separate mixtures (water from noodles)

Magnetic properties

Uses magnet to separate solids ( separates salt from iron fully )

Sublimation

I solid turns intogas (but needs to include coz or iodine due to the diff boring points)

Distillation

Used separate dissolved solid & liquid by evaporation (salt water) uses solvable solids

Fractional distillation

Liquid from liquid , with different boiling points (crude & petrol)

Crystallization

To obtain pure sugar from solution [ rock candy]

Kinetic molecular theory

Motion in a straight constant random line until you collide ‘, size in space around, energy by temperature

Freezing

Solid> gas / exothermic/ slowing down

Melting

Solid> liquid / endothermic / speeding up

Sublimation

Solid> gas / endothermic / speeding up

Deposition

Gas > solid / exothermic/ slows down

Vaporization

Liquid> gas / speeding up/ endothermic

Condensation

Gas> liquid, exothermic / slowing down

What does the phase change in the graph show?

During a phase change the temperature stays the same

Alpha (a) or ( 4/2 he)

Beaten by paper, higher mass, smallest

Beta (B) or (e-)

Beaten by aluminum / High energy electron / bigger than alpha

Gamma (Y)

A waves / beaten by lead / electromagnetic spectrum

Democritus

Everything is made up of ting particles, but could not prove this as he did not have technology( how are atoms held together?)

Dalton

Revised Democritus idea _ used chemical reactions - created dalton atomic theory

Thompson

Used cathode ray - found that there had to be electrons _ created plum pudding model

Rutherford

Used gold foil experiment & found nucleus - it is small, positive, & dense _ created a new model

Bohr

Created boars model, an electron shell w electrons & proton in the center _ max 8

Mendeleev

Dragged periodic table by atomic mass, left empty space, but put elements in the wrong space

Mosely

Arranged by atomic #

Metals

Shiny / solid @room temperature / boiling /melting is high / conducts electricity

Metalloid

Shares both metal & non-metal properties

Non-metals

Gas @ room temperature / low meting & boiling point/ when solid, dull / poor electricity conduction

Property of ionic compound

Shiny/ colorful / rigid/strong attraction / electrical force is bond / crystalatice structure

Atomic size (F r)

Increase as you go down due to having more orbitals / as we go across it decreases due to protons attracking elections being more close together

Ionic radius

As you go down ionic radius increases due to #of orbitals increasing / as you go across it is big to small back to big & small

Ionization energy ( He)

As you go down, decreases due to it becomes bigger having less attraction / as you go across you have more attraction due to protons & electrons attractions to eachother

Electronegativity (f)

Same as ionization