APGOPO Amendments

1st Amendment

Freedom of religion (Engle v Vital, Lemon v Kurtzman), speech (Johnson v Texas, Black v Virginia, Tinker v Des Moines), press, rights of assembly, and to petition

2nd Amendment

Right to bear arms

3rd Amendment

Quartering of soldiers

4th Amendment

Search and arrest warrants requires probable cause (Mapp v Ohio)

5th Amendment

Due process rights in criminal cases. Protects against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and establishes grand jury proceedings (Miranda v Arizona)

6th Amendment

Rights to a fair and speedy trial with representation by council (Gideon v Wainwright)

7th Amendment

Rights in civil cases

8th Amendment

No excessive bails, fines, or cruel and unusual punishments (Furman v Georgia, Gregg v Georgia)

9th Amendment

Right retained by the people- right of privacy (Griswald v Connecticut, Roe v Wade, Lawrence v Texas)

10th Amendment

Powers retained by the states or people

11th Amendment

No lawsuits of citizens of one state against another state

12th Amendment

Providing for election of President and VP. Establishes the electoral college and the process for electing the VP.

13th Amendment

Abolition of slavery

14th Amendment

Due process of the law. Civil rights. Equal protection of the law. (Federal Government=Guarantor of minority rights, linked to almost every court case involving minorities and civil rights)

15th Amendment

Suffrage for African Americans

16th Amendment

Income taxes

17th Amendment

Direct election of US Senators

18th Amendment

Prohibition

19th Amendment

Women granted suffrage

20th Amendment

Set terms for the President and Congress, "lame duck" amendment

21st Amendment

Repealed prohibition

22nd Amendment

Set two-term limit for President

23rd Amendment

Granted suffrage to the citizens of Washington, DC

24th Amendment

Poll tax eliminated

25th Amendment

Presidential disability and succesion

26th Amendment

Granted suffrage to 18,19, and 20 year olds

27th Amendment

Congressional salaries and pay raises