Preschool Education and School Readiness Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from preschool education, regulatory documents, school readiness criteria, and developmental stages of 6-7 year old children.

Nevelés (Education / Upbringing)

A process in which teacher-guided child activity systems develop an individual's capabilities, forming a value system and personality that enable the resolution of personal and social tasks.

Óvoda (Preschool / Kindergarten)

A professionally independent educational institution of the public education system that acts as a complement to family education from a child's 3rd year until school entry, up to a maximum of 7 years of age.

Functions of Óvoda

The protective/defensive, social, and educational-personality development functions that together create the internal psychological conditions for transitioning into lower primary school age.

Óvodai nevelés országos alapprogramja

The legal regulatory document that defines the national core program, principles, and expectations for preschool education in Hungary.

Gyermekkép (Concept of the Child)

The view of the child as a developing personality whose growth is jointly determined by genetic traits, specific laws of maturation, and spontaneous and planned environmental influences.

Iskolaérettség (School Readiness)

A state reflecting societal expectations for a given age, requiring attention regulation, strategy use, adaptation to the student role, self-regulation, as well as specific physical, cognitive, and social maturity.

Első alakváltozás és fogváltás (First Shape Change and Dentition)

Physical maturity markers occurring around age 6–7 that indicate readiness for school, accompanied by established limb dominance (right- or left-handedness).

Figura-háttér megkülönböztetés (Figure-Ground Perception)

A perceptual ability essential for learning to read and write, enabling the child to distinguish an object or figure standing out from its background.

Látencia (Latency Period)

A psychological stage around age 6–7 characterized by the calming of emotional storms and instinctual drives, such as the cooling of the Oedipal phase.

Örömelv és Valóságelv (Pleasure Principle and Reality Principle)

The developmental shift around age 6–7 from seeking immediate pleasure and avoiding pain (pleasure principle) to guiding behavior according to rules and norms (reality principle).

Internalizáció (Internalization)

The process beginning around school entry where environmental rules and values become inner standards, remaining valid even in the absence of parents or authority figures.

Feladattudat (Task Consciousness)

An essential requirement for school readiness where the child can internally separate playing from fulfilling an assigned task.