FINAL Exam Theoretical Psych

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Wilhelm Wundt

Father of scientific psychology

Wundt

Who said “mind is more than just association”

Wundt

had 188 doctoral students and wrote 50,000 pages

Lightner Witmer

Founded the field of clinical psychology and established the first psychological clinic in 1896

Mary Caulkins

First female president of APA

Lightner Witmer

student of Wundt

Helen Thompson

Performed first studies of mental differenes between men and women

William James

The father of American psychology. He is best known for his work "The Principles of Psychology”

Robert Woodworth

wrote columbia bible

Columbia bible

basically book about eveything psychology up until that point

Association

The mechanism that lets you go from one mental element to the next

Common Sense

The idea that the 5 senses produce sensory information and come together to form common sense

Aristotle

Who came up with the idea of commmon sense

Blank Slate

We are born without any mental content at all

John Locke

created blank slate

Sensoristic

all mental content is from the senses

Atomistic

sensoristic content comes together to build more complex contents

Associative (John Locke)

More complex contents are created by association

Law of coniguity

If two things happen at the same time, the presence of one reminds us of the other

Hebb’s Law

if two nerve cells are simultaneously stimualted for a period of time, the synapse binding them is strengthended

Connectionism

Modern form of associationism, needs computer models

Rumelhart & McClelland

Who is responsible for connectionism

Horizontal Faculties (domain-general) (Locke)

PIMIAM

Phrenology (Gall) (pseudoscience)

functions are localized in the brain and bumps on skull reflect faculty. (Localization is correct but bumps are not)

Physiognomy (pseudoscience)

A face reflects character “criminal type”

Mesmerism (pseudoscience) (Mesmer)

Use of hypnosis and magnets

Mental Healing (pseudoscience) (Quimby)

Mental healing through correct and positive thinking

Spiritualism (pseudoscience)

If you die, your spirit and mind floats and people can talk to you through people who can talk to spirits

Wilhelm Wundt and William James

Psychology is the science of consciousness

Witmer

Founder of Clinical psychology

Witmer

Established first psychological clinic

Witmer

Used a team approach using a psychologist, medical doctor, and social worker to treat dyslexia

Chronoscope

Instrument that measures reaction time

Witmer

Published the "Psychological Clinic"

Hugo Munsterberg

Created forensic psychology

Forensic psychology

Measuring reliability of witnesses statements and helping in law

Hugo Munsterberg

Invented the use of psychology in industry

Id (originally Fechner's term)

Pleasure principle

Ego

Reality principle

Superego

Moral principle

Freud's iceberg

Ego and superego keep unconscious desires in check

Criticism of Freud's iceberg

Theory cannot be disproved which violates science rules

Freud

Whos technique was free association

Freud

Whos technique was dream analysis

Why did Freud use his techniques

To help make repressed matters conscious

John Watson

Who did the Little Albert study

Amygdala

Part of the brain associated with emotional memory

Hypothetico-deductive method

Mathematical formulas to make predictions

Clark Hull

Who invented the Hypothetico-deductive method

Hypothetico-deductive method formula

Action Readiness = Habit strength x Drive Strength

Edward Tolman

Tested cognitive maps with rats in mazes

Tolman

Said creating a mental map is quicker than response learning (always turn right)

Hippocampus

Part of the brain associated with locations

Basal ganglia

Part of the brain associated with responses

limitation of law of effect

Said that you don’t need to be rewarded or hungry to learn

Burrhus Skinner

He denied the existence of free will

addiction

What underlines operant conditioning

Behaviorism

he study of observable behaviors rather than internal mental states

John Watson

Founded behaviorism

John Watson

Experimented with how the "American dream" and blank slate affect people

Law of Effect

behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while behaviors followed by discomfort or unpleasant outcomes are less likely to recur

Houdini

Who invented the cat escape puzzle box

dopamine

Neurotransmitter that rewards you for getting something right

Operant Conditioning

behavior is modified by its consequences, utilizing reinforcement or punishment to increase or decrease the likelihood of a behavior recurring

Behaviorism

Psychology without the mind

Pavlov

Invented classical conditioning

Thorndike

Invented operant conditioning

attention

What highlights parts of consciousness

Wundt

Who studied consciousness vs attention

subliminal

What means there is a weak stimulus and no attention

pre-conscious

What has a strong stimulus but no attention

conscious

Strong stimulus and strong attention

subliminal priming

echnique that exposes individuals to stimuli (words, images) below the threshold of conscious awareness

subliminal attention

unconscious guidance of focus toward specific stimuli—like words or images

attention-dependent

Subliminal priming of reactions is

Parietal Damage

Attention only to half of your visual field

Spatial neglect

Impaired orienting of attention

Feature Binding

Searching for combinations of features (searching for luigi in marios)

Wundt

Who said attention highlights part of consciousness

Dehaene

Who said attention enables consciousness and some unconscious processes

Cartesian Theater

Says you look at a screen in your head

Pierre Flourens

Who experiemented with brains of pigeons and rabbits to prove Holism

Localization

The brain functions are results of specific areas of the brain do specific things

Holism

The brain regions all interact into an integrated whole to perform functions

Paul Broca

Who discovered damage to left inferior frontal cortex causes speech to production difficulties

Carl Wernicke

Created the association theory of language

Concept images

combinatinons of cognitive visualizations of objects, scenes, or concepts that are not currently present to the senses

nature vs nurture

Predisposition vs upbringing is also

Francis Galton

Who did first studies of genetics using twins

Francis Galton

Made the first questionaries to churches about praying for the royal family

Francis Galton

Who invented correlation

Francis Galton

Who invented normal distribution

Bean Machine

was invented to explore normal distribution

J Cattell

Created mental tests

Binet Test

identifies students who require special assistance in their education

General Intelligence

the correlation of intelligence and how it is objectively determined and measured

Charles Spearman

discovered the g factor

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

an improvement on the Stanford-Binet test: IQ distribution. Measures both fluid and crystallized intelligence

Raven Progressive Matrices

Best test of g factor