UE Overview & Osteology - JP Unit 2

Musculoskeletal Unit 2 - Video 1

Arm vs Forearm on the Upper extremity

• The Cubital (Elbow) is what makes this region split

Upper Extremities Overview Diagram

SHOULDER COMPLEX OSTEOLOGY (3) + (One boney Landmark)

1. Clavicle

2. Scapula

3. Humerus (proximal)

• Sternum (Boney Landmark the upper extremity articulates to)

Clavicle (Positioning) (3 Parts)

• The “Collar Bone”

Flat, curved, superficial bone

• Sternal end

• Acromial end

• Shaft

Clavicle (Function)

Function:

• Moveable, “crane-like strut”

• Bony boundary of cervico-axillary canal

• Shock absorption

• Muscle attachments

Scapula (Boarders & Angles ; 5)

Triangular, flat bone on posterolateral thorax

.

Borders

1. Superior

2. Axillary (to the armpit)

3. Vertebral (to the vertebrae)

.

Angles (2) –

1) Superior

2) Inferior

How many Fossa & Processes are present in the scapula?

7

• 4 Fossa

• 3 Processes

Name The Scapula Fossa(s) (4)

(1) Subscapular fossa

(4) Supraspinous fossa

(5) Infraspinous fossa

(7) Glenoid fossa

(1) Subscapular fossa

Only seen on the Anterior view

• Where the subscapularis muscle sits (Muscle of the rotator cuff attachment)

(4) Supraspinous fossa

• Fossa above the spine

(5) Infraspinous fossa

• Fossa below the spine

(7) Glenoid fossa

• Part of the scapula that receives the head of the humorous

• Forms glenohumeral joint (which is the primary ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder.)

Name The Scapula Processes (3)

(2) Coracoid process

(3) Acromion process

(6) Spine of scapula

(2) Coracoid process

• More inferior process then the Acromion process

• Coracoid means “Crows Beak”

(3) Acromion process

• The most superior process in this bone

• Seen in all angles of the scapula

• This is the a part of the scapula that articulates with the clavicle

(6) Spine of scapula

• a prominent, shelf-like ridge of bone that crosses the upper back surface of the scapula

Proximal Humerus Landmarks (9)

Landmarks:

• Humeral head

• Neck

  • Anatomical

  • Surgical

• Greater tubercle

• Lesser tubercle

• Intertubercular sulcus / Bicipital groove

• Deltoid tuberosity

• Radial/Spiral groove (posterior view)

Proximal Humerus Function

Ball of the ball & socket joint

• ½ sphere = unstable joint

Bones of the elbow and forearm region (3)

1. Humerus (distal)

2. Ulna

3. Radius

Distal Humerus Landmarks (5)

1. Medial epicondyle

2. Lateral epicondyle

3. Trochlea

4. Capitellum

5. Olecranon fossa

Medial epicondyle & Lateral epicondyle Function?

• Muscles attach

Trochlea Function?

Articulate (connect) With the Ulna.

• #3

Capitellum Function?

Articulate (connect) With the Radius

• #4

5. Olecranon fossa

• Receives the Olecranon Process of the Ulnar bone

Proximal Radius (4 Parts)

1. Radial head

2. Radial neck

3. Radial shaft

4. Radial tuberosity

Proximal Ulna (5 Parts)

1. Olecranon

2. Trochlear notch

3. Coronoid process '

4. Ulnar tuberosity

5. Ulnar shaft

Bones of the wrist and hand region (5)

1. Ulna (distal)

2. Radius (distal)

3. Carpals (n=8)

4. Metacarpals (n=4)

5. Phalanges (n=14)

Carpal Bones 2 Sections

1. Proximal

2. Distal

Proximal Carpal Bones (4)

Mnmonic → So Long To Pinky

1. Scaphoid

2. Lunate

3. Triquetrum

4. Pisiform

Distal Carpal Bones (4)

Mnmonic → Here Comes The Thumb

5. Trapezium

6. Trapezoid

7. Capitate

8. Hamate

Metacarpals

• There are 5

• Thumb is 1 → Pinky is 5

Phalanges

• There are 14

• Thumb has 2

• Every other finger has 3

  • 1 Distal

  • 1 Medial

  • 1 Proximal