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A nurse is assessing a patient experiencing a panic attack. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse expect to accompany the panic attack?
Palpitations, chest pain, feeling of choking, dizziness, nausea.
A 25-year-old patient reports sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, and dizziness. What nursing assessment is essential to confirm a diagnosis of a panic attack?
Assess for feelings of impending doom or fear of losing control.
In the emergency department, a patient presents with chest pain and feels like they are choking. Which diagnostic test should the nurse prioritize to rule out other conditions?
An ECG (electrocardiogram) to check for cardiac issues.
A nursing student is learning about panic attacks. Which statement by the student indicates the need for further teaching?
Panic attacks can happen only after a traumatic event.
A patient with a history of panic attacks is admitted for treatment. Which nursing intervention should be implemented first to address the patient's anxiety-related symptoms?
Provide reassurance and establish a calm environment.
During a health assessment, the nurse notes the patient has a history of panic attacks. What question should the nurse ask to understand the frequency of these episodes?
How often do you experience panic attacks and what triggers them?
What drugs are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders?
Benzodiazepines (such as lorazepam and clonazepam) and buspirone are commonly used.
What are benzodiazepines primarily used for?
They are used for the short-term treatment of anxiety and panic disorders.
What are common side effects of benzodiazepines?
Drowsiness, dizziness, and increased risk of dependence.
What are some adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
Respiratory depression, severe drowsiness, and paradoxical reactions like agitation.
Who should avoid benzodiazepines?
Patients with a history of substance abuse, severe respiratory issues, or those taking other CNS depressants.
What is an important consideration regarding the duration of benzodiazepine use?
They should not be used longer than 2-3 weeks to reduce the risk of dependence.
How should benzodiazepines be taken?
They should be taken as prescribed, often on an as-needed basis for acute anxiety.
What key points should be included in patient education for benzodiazepine use?
Do not stop abruptly, avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants, and be aware of potential dependency.
What nursing interventions should be implemented for patients on benzodiazepines?
Monitor the patient's respiratory status, level of consciousness, and provide education on medication safety.
What is buspirone primarily used for?
It is primarily used for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and has less risk of dependence than benzodiazepines.
What are adverse reactions associated with buspirone?
Drowsiness, lethargy, and mild dizziness.
What food interactions should be considered with buspirone?
Grapefruit juice should be limited as it can increase buspirone levels.
What patient education is critical for buspirone?
Inform patients that it may take 1-2 weeks for full effects and to take it consistently.
What are nursing considerations for patients taking antidepressants for anxiety?
Monitor for increased energy, potential worsening of anxiety, and the need for ongoing assessment of symptoms.
What is primary anxiety?
Primary anxiety refers to anxiety disorders that are not triggered by another underlying condition. Examples: generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder.
What is secondary anxiety?
Secondary anxiety is anxiety that occurs as a result of another underlying medical condition or psychological disorder.
Examples: anxiety due to medical illnesses, substance abuse, or significant stressors.
