Extracting metals and equilibria Edexcel

what are metallic Bonds?

Strong bonds in metals requiring high energy to overcome, with a sea of delocalized electrons allowing for heat and electricity conduction.

what are alloys?

Mixtures of metals or metal/nonmetal with unique properties like increased strength, hardness, and resistance to corrosion.

what is the reactivity series?

Metals' reactivity trend where higher reactivity displaces lower reactivity metals, affecting electron loss and ion formation.

what are ores?

Metal compounds found in the Earth's crust, like hematite (Fe2O3) and bauxite (Al2O3·2H2O), with varying concentrations.

what is a blast furnace?

Extraction method for iron from Fe2O3 using coke, limestone, and limited oxygen, producing molten iron and slag.

what is steel?

Conversion of brittle molten iron to steel by removing impurities through oxygen addition and slag formation.

how does Aluminium Extraction take place?

Electrolysis of purified Bauxite to obtain molten Aluminum using cryolite, with oxygen reduction at the anode and Aluminum production at the cathode.

what is dynamic equilibrium

State where forward and backward reaction rates are equal, influenced by temperature, pressure, and concentration changes.

what does Le Chatelier’s Principle state?

Shifts in equilibrium due to changes in temperature, pressure, and concentration, unaffected by catalysts but favoring endothermic reactions and fewer gas moles.