TCPS 2: CORE-2022
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Participation in research is a choice, based on information about the risks and potential benefits of the research.
A1-1. Which one of the following statements reflects the TCPS 2 core principle of Respect for Persons?
- Participation in research is a choice, based on information about the risks and potential benefits of the research.
- Research should be designed so as to avoid exposing participants to unnecessary risks.
- Research studies should be designed so that the burdens and the potential benefits of the research are distributed fairly.
- A graduate student at an eligible Canadian college conducting self-funded research on political protest groups by interviewing members of those groups.
- A professor at an eligible Canadian university who is conducting research in Brazil on educational initiatives involving Indigenous Peoples.
- A researcher at an eligible academic institution conducts research within that institution that is funded by their department, not the Agencies
- A master's student at an eligible institution conducts their research with street youth, not on the premises of the institution;
A1-2. Which of the following researchers must follow the TCPS 2 (select all that apply)?
- A graduate student at an eligible Canadian college conducting self-funded research on political protest groups by interviewing members of those groups.
- A professor at an eligible Canadian university who is conducting research in Brazil on educational initiatives involving Indigenous Peoples.
- An independent researcher hired by a private company to conduct research on consumer brand loyalties.
- A researcher at an eligible academic institution conducts research within that institution that is funded by their department, not the Agencies
- A master's student at an eligible institution conducts their research with street youth, not on the premises of the institution
- A graduate student at an eligible Canadian university who has a grant from NSERC to conduct research on the link between climate change and the bee population.
- The researcher's institution may take action under the institution's policies.
- SSHRC may take recourse that can range from a letter of awareness to a denial of eligibility for funding, depending on the seriousness of the breach.
A1-3. What happens if a researcher with a SSHRC grant breaches the TCPS 2 when conducting their research (select all that apply)?
- The TCPS 2 is a voluntary set of guidelines, so there are no consequences for a breach.
- The researcher's institution may take action under the institution's policies.
- SSHRC may take recourse that can range from a letter of awareness to a denial of eligibility for funding, depending on the seriousness of the breach.
Respect for human dignity
A1-4. What is the fundamental value upon which the TCPS 2 is based?
- Do no harm.
- All persons are created equal.
- Respect for human dignity
- Autonomy
- Consult with colleagues, disciplinary associations, or lawyers, to determine how best to resolve the conflict
- Anticipate potential conflicts and design research to avoid them, where possible.
A1-5. How should a researcher resolve a potential conflict between ethics considerations and legal obligations (select all that apply)?
- Consult with colleagues, disciplinary associations, or lawyers, to determine how best to resolve the conflict
- Fulfil the ethical obligations
- they have more moral weight.
- Follow the law
- it always takes precedence over ethics
- Anticipate potential conflicts and design research to avoid them, where possible.
- Professor A designs a pilot study to address that research question, and gets a small group of individuals to take part in the study.
- Professor A revises the study based on their experience with the pilot study participants, and administers the full study to a group of 100 participants.
A2-2. which of the following person is considered a research participant (select all that apply)?
- Professor A meets with colleagues in their department to discuss a research question of interest to them, with a view to refining the question.
- Professor A meets with representatives of a community to discuss conducting research within that community on the topic they discussed with their colleagues.
- Professor A designs a pilot study to address that research question, and gets a small group of individuals to take part in the study.
- Professor A revises the study based on their experience with the pilot study participants, and administers the full study to a group of 100 participants.
- Professor A designs a pilot study to address that research question, and gets a small group of individuals to take part in the study.
- Professor A revises the study based on their experience with the pilot study participants, and administers the full study to a group of 100 participants.
A2-1. The TCPS 2 defines research as "an undertaking intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry and/or systematic investigation". Which of the following activities fall within this definition (select all that apply)?
- Professor A meets with colleagues in their department to discuss a research question of interest to them, with a view to refining the question.
- Professor A meets with representatives of a community to discuss conducting research within that community on the topic they discussed with their colleagues.
- Professor A designs a pilot study to address that research question, and gets a small group of individuals to take part in the study.
- Professor A revises the study based on their experience with the pilot study participants, and administers the full study to a group of 100 participants.
- A patient with a particular condition whose tissue was removed to help scientists better understand that condition and how to treat it.
- That same college employee responding to a survey from a labour relations professor aimed at measuring job satisfaction in unionized vs non-unionized academic staff.
A2-2. which of the following person is considered a research participant (select all that apply)?
- A patient whose tissue was removed to determine whether they had a condition requiring treatment.
- A patient with a particular condition whose tissue was removed to help scientists better understand that condition and how to treat it.
- An employee of a college who must fill out a job satisfaction survey anonymously for the Human Resources department.
- That same college employee responding to a survey from a labour relations professor aimed at measuring job satisfaction in unionized vs non-unionized academic staff.
- Is exempt from REB review.
A2-3. Complete the following sentence: "Under TCPS 2, research that relies exclusively on information that is publicly accessible and for which there is no reasonable expectation of privacy _________."
- Requires REB review.
- Is exempt from REB review.
- May require REB review, depending on the circumstances.
- The ethics of research involving humans.
A2-4. Under TCPS 2, it is the role of the REB to review:
- The ethics of mandated quality assurance activities.
- The ethics of animal and human research.
- The ethics of research involving humans.
- Broad consent is sought prior to data collection.
- Broad consent implies the storage and use of data and/or human biological materials for future unspecified research, subject to specific restrictions.
A2-6. Which of the following statements is/are true (select all that apply)?
- Blanket consent and broad consent can be used interchangeably.
- Broad consent requires the researcher to directly contact participants when future research is being conducted.
- Broad consent is sought prior to data collection.
- Only the researcher is responsible for ensuring that the terms of participant consent are respected when data is stored in a repository.
- Broad consent implies the storage and use of data and/or human biological materials for future unspecified research, subject to specific restrictions.
- Direct benefits to the participants
- Benefits to the group or community to which the participant belongs
- Benefits to society in the form of increased knowledge
A3-1. REBs may consider the following as potential benefits of research (select all that apply).
- Direct benefits to the participants- Benefits to the researcher in terms of career advancement
- Benefits to the group or community to which the participant belongs
- Benefits to society in the form of increased knowledge
- All the risks associated with the research
A3-2. Choose the correct description of research-attributable risks, according to TCPS 2:
- All the risks a participant is exposed to during the period of the research
- All the risks a participant is ordinarily exposed to, plus any risks specific to the research
- All the risks associated with the research
- Economic harm
- Social harm
- Psychological harm
- Physical harm
A3-3. Which types of possible harms may be considered research risks (select all that apply)?
- Economic harm
- Social harm
- Psychological harm
- Physical harm
- The distinction helps the REB to determine the appropriate level of ethics review.
A3-4. What is the purpose of distinguishing between minimal risk research and research that is more than minimal risk?
- Minimal risk research does not require REB review.
- The distinction helps the REB to determine the appropriate level of ethics review.
- The distinction serves only to categorize the types of research proposal the REB receives.
- Voluntary, informed, ongoing.
A4-1. What are the general principles of consent?
- Informed, ongoing, documented.
- Voluntary, informed, ongoing.
- Voluntary, informed, free.
- Voluntary, informed, documented.
- Prior to commencing participation in the research.
A4-2. In general, when should researchers seek consent from individuals to participate in research?- At any time during the course of the research.
- After the participant has completed the research activity.
- Prior to commencing participation in the research.
- Whenever the researcher chooses.
A4-3. Which of the following best describes how consent should be documented?- Only through a signed consent form- Only through a video recording of consent- Only through a researcher's notes of a verbal consent.- Through any form that can serve as evidence of consent and that complies with applicable legal requirements.
A4-3. Which of the following best describes how consent should be documented?
- Only through a signed consent form
- Only through a video recording of consent
- Only through a researcher's notes of a verbal consent.
- Through any form that can serve as evidence of consent and that complies with applicable legal requirements.
- When a prospective participant lacks decision-making capacity.
- In medical emergencies
- For certain types of public health research.
A4-4. Under which of the following circumstances may a researcher depart from the general principles of consent (select all that apply)?- When obtaining consent would delay the conduct of the research.
- When a prospective participant lacks decision-making capacity.
- Under no circumstances.
- In medical emergencies
- For certain types of public health research.
- Secondary use research involves using data that was originally collected for another purpose.
- REBs may waive the consent requirement for research involving secondary use of identifiable information if the researcher satisfies six conditions
A4-5. Which of the following statements is/are true (select all that apply)?
- Secondary use research involves using data that was originally collected for another purpose.
- Research involving secondary use of identifiable information requires REB review, but not consent.
- REBs may waive the consent requirement for research involving secondary use of identifiable information, at their discretion.
- REBs may waive the consent requirement for research involving secondary use of identifiable information if the researcher satisfies six conditions.
- Where research involves the secondary use of non-identifiable information, neither consent nor REB review is required.
- Broad consent is sought prior to data collection.
- Broad consent implies the storage and use of data and/or human biological materials for future unspecified research, subject to specific restrictions.
A4-6. Which of the following statements is/are true (select all that apply)?
- Blanket consent and broad consent can be used interchangeably.
- Broad consent requires the researcher to directly contact participants when future research is being conducted.
- Broad consent is sought prior to data collection.
- Only the researcher is responsible for ensuring that the terms of participant consent are respected when data is stored in a repository.
- Broad consent implies the storage and use of data and/or human biological materials for future unspecified research, subject to specific restrictions.
- Ethically unacceptable, unless the exclusion is related to the nature and scope of the research question.
A5-1. Complete the following sentence in accordance with the guidance in TCPS 2: "Excluding women from research is ___________."
- Never ethically acceptable.
- Ethically acceptable because this protects women from the risks of research.
- Ethically unacceptable, unless the exclusion is related to the nature and scope of the research question.
- Ethically necessary when a woman is pregnant or breastfeeding.
- It is important to communicate research results to participants, in a format suitable to them.
- Researchers have a responsibility to disseminate the results of their research, even if those results do not confirm (or run counter to) their original hypothesis.
A5-2. Which of the following statements reflect TCPS 2 guidance (select all that apply)?
- Publication in an academic journal is the only acceptable form of research dissemination.
- It is important to communicate research results to participants, in a format suitable to them.
- Researchers have a responsibility to disseminate the results of their research, even if those results do not confirm (or run counter to) their original hypothesis.
- It is ethically acceptable for sponsors to prohibit the dissemination of results at their discretion, since they paid for the research.
- Yes, so long as their participation is necessary to the research and additional protective measures are in place.
A5-3. Under TCPS 2, can individuals who are in vulnerable circumstances participate in research?
- Yes, so long as their participation is necessary to the research and additional protective measures are in place.
- No, it is wrong to include vulnerable individuals in research.
- Yes, all that matters is that they have the capacity to consent.
- No, those in vulnerable circumstances cannot participate in research even if the research focus is on people in their circumstances.
- This helps to maintain public trust in research.
- This contributes to the legitimacy of research results by ensuring that research findings are drawn from the full range of those to whom the research applies.
- This avoids disadvantaged or marginalized groups from bearing a disproportionate share of research risks.
A5-4. The principle of Justice requires an equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of research because (select all that apply):
- This helps to maintain public trust in research.
- This contributes to the legitimacy of research results by ensuring that research findings are drawn from the full range of those to whom the research applies.
- This avoids disadvantaged or marginalized groups from bearing a disproportionate share of research risks.
- Researchers have an ethical duty to maintain the confidentiality of information they collect during the course of research.
- A researcher's duty of confidentiality extends to human biological materials collected during the course of research.
- Researchers may have legal obligations to maintain the privacy of research participants.
A6-1. Which of the following statements is correct (select all that apply)?
- Researchers have an ethical duty to maintain the confidentiality of information they collect during the course of research.
- A researcher's duty of confidentiality extends to human biological materials collected during the course of research.
- Researchers may have legal obligations to maintain the privacy of research participants.
- Research that relies on information originally collected for a purpose other than the current research purpose.
A6-2. Secondary use research is:
- Research that generates at least two publications
.- Original research that is copied by a second researcher.
- Research that relies on information originally collected for a purpose other than the current research purpose.
- Researchers, REBs, and institutions.
A6-3. Who has responsibility for safeguarding the privacy of research participants (select the most appropriate answer):
- Researchers alone.
- Researchers and REBs.
- Researchers, REBs, and institutions.
- Researchers, REBs, institutions, and funders.
- Secret information.
A6-4. The level of privacy protection required is based on the identifiability of the information. Which of the following is not a category of identifiability set out in the TCPS 2?
- Indirectly identifying information.
- Anonymized information.
- Coded information.
- Secret information.
- Anonymous information.
- Researchers, REB members, and institutions.
A7-1. In research, conflict of interest is an issue that can affect (select the most appropriate answer):
- Researchers
- Researchers and REB members.
- Researchers, REB members, and institutions.
- Researchers and institutions.
- REB members and institutions.
- Conflicts of interest may be real, potential, or perceived.
- A conflict of interest in research is an incompatibility between all of one's duties, responsibilities, or interests, as they relate to the ethical conduct of research.
A7-2. Which of the following statements is/are true (select all that apply)?
- Conflicts of interest may be real, potential, or perceived.
- Only real conflicts of interest need to be managed.
- A research study cannot proceed if a researcher has disclosed a conflict of interest.
- A conflict of interest in research is an incompatibility between all of one's duties, responsibilities, or interests, as they relate to the ethical conduct of research.
- Researchers may choose whether or not to disclose conflicts of interest.
- REB members supervise the researcher submitting the protocol for REB review.
- REB members sit on the board of the company that is sponsoring the research.
- REB members are collaborating with the research applicant on another research project.
- The research applicant is their sister-in-law.
- The research applicant is their supervisor.
- REB members own shares in the company that is sponsoring the research.
A7-3. Which of the following would be a conflict of interest for REB members (select all that apply)?
- REB members supervise the researcher submitting the protocol for REB review.
- REB members sit on the board of the company that is sponsoring the research.
- REB members are collaborating with the research applicant on another research project.
- The research applicant is their sister-in-law.
- The research applicant is their supervisor.
- REB members own shares in the company that is sponsoring the research.
- Develop a plan to minimize the effect of the conflict.
- Disclose to the REB and to participants.
A7-4. Which of the following is/are an acceptable way for a researcher to manage a conflict of interest (select all that apply)?- Disclose the conflict to a colleague at another institution.
- Develop a plan to minimize the effect of the conflict.
- Decide to remain impartial.
- Disclose to the REB and to participants.
- Keep silent, but be prepared to step off the research team if the conflict is discovered.
- It helps to protect the integrity of research.
- It is part of the process of ensuring that prospective research participants make informed decisions regarding their consent to participate.
A7-5. Addressing conflicts of interest in research involving humans is important because (select all that apply):
- It helps to protect the integrity of research.
- It is part of the process of ensuring that prospective research participants make informed decisions regarding their consent to participate.
- It makes researchers feel virtuous.
- All conflicts of interest can and must be eliminated.
- To provide advice about alternative methods to answer the research question.
A8-1. Which of the following activities is not a primary responsibility of an REB?
- To review the ethical acceptability of the methods of a research proposal.
- To review the ethical acceptability of the design of a research proposal.
- To review substantive changes made to the research during the course of a study.
- To provide advice about alternative methods to answer the research question.
- To communicate their decisions in a timely and efficient manner.
- A committee accountable to the institution that created it with respect to its operations, but independent with respect to its decisions on research proposals.
A8-2. Which one of the following statements best describes the status of an REB?
- A committee accountable in all respects to the institution that created it.
- A committee accountable to the institution that created it with respect to its operations, but independent with respect to its decisions on research proposals.
- A committee independent in all respects from the institution that created it.
- To represent the research participant perspective.
A8-3. What is the primary role of the community member on an REB?
- To bring diversity to the REB.
- To provide an independent perspective on the proposed research.
- To represent the research participant perspective.
- To ensure that not all REB members are academics.
- Applying delegated review to minimal risk research and full board review to more than minimal risk research.
- Considering the foreseeable risks, the potential benefits and the ethics implications of the research.
- Conducting an initial assessment of the level of risk to determine what level of scrutiny the review requires.
A8-4. Which of the following statements describe(s) a proportionate approach to assessing the ethical acceptability of research (select all that apply)?
- Applying delegated review to minimal risk research and full board review to more than minimal risk research.
- Considering the foreseeable risks, the potential benefits and the ethics implications of the research.
- Having only the vice-president of research review minimal risk research.
- Conducting an initial assessment of the level of risk to determine what level of scrutiny the review requires.
- Institutions and REBs should develop preparedness plans for how to review research during public declared emergencies.
- Any exceptional procedures put in place during a publicly declared emergency remain in force only as long as the emergency continues.
A8-5. Which of the following statements is/are correct (select all that apply)?
- Due to the extraordinary circumstances, research cannot take place during a publicly declared emergency.
- Institutions and REBs should develop preparedness plans for how to review research during public declared emergencies.
- No exceptions to TCPS 2 procedures can occur during a publicly declared emergency, regardless of the justification provided.
- Any exceptional procedures put in place during a publicly declared emergency remain in force only as long as the emergency continues.
- Multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research requires official agreements between institutions.
- The single REB review model is an optional, but a preferred approach for multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
- It is possible for institutions to adopt their own approaches for streamlining the ethics review of multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
A8-6. Which of the following statements is/are true (select all that apply)?
- Multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research requires official agreements between institutions.
- The single REB review model is an optional, but a preferred approach for multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
- Any REB can act as the single reviewing REB.
- It is possible for institutions to adopt their own approaches for streamlining the ethics review of multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
- The more REBs that review a research project, the greater the participant protections.
- The single REB review model is an optional, but a preferred approach for multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research
- It is possible for institutions to adopt their own approaches for streamlining the ethics review of multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
A8-6. Which of the following statements is/are true (select all that apply)?
- Multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research requires official agreements between institutions.
- The single REB review model is an optional, but a preferred approach for multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
- Any REB can act as the single reviewing REB.
- It is possible for institutions to adopt their own approaches for streamlining the ethics review of multi-jurisdictional minimal risk research.
- The more REBs that review a research project, the greater the participant protections.
- A community may be territorial, organizational, or interest-based.
- A community describes a group of people with a shared identity or interest that has the capacity to act or express itself as a collective.
A9-1. How is the concept of community defined in Chapter 9 of the TCPS 2 (select all that apply)?
- A community is defined by territory.
TCPS 2 adopts the definition of community in the Constitution of Canada.
- A community may be territorial, organizational, or interest-based.
- A community describes a group of people with a shared identity or interest that has the capacity to act or express itself as a collective.
- It is up to the parties to a research project to define the term "community".
- Community engagement is required where the research is likely to affect the welfare of an Indigenous community to which the prospective participants belong.
- Community engagement is a process that establishes a respectful relationship between a researcher or research team, and an Indigenous community relevant to the research project.
- Community engagement is required where Indigenous Peoples make up a sizeable proportion of the study or community and where Indigenous-specific conclusions are intended.
A9-2. Which of the following statement(s) describe community engagement (select all that apply)?
- Community engagement is required where the research is likely to affect the welfare of an Indigenous community to which the prospective participants belong.
- Community engagement is a process that establishes a respectful relationship between a researcher or research team, and an Indigenous community relevant to the research project.
- Community engagement is not required if the research does not take place on First Nations, Inuit or Métis lands.
- It is up to the researcher to determine the nature and extent of community engagement appropriate to the research.
- Community engagement is required where Indigenous Peoples make up a sizeable proportion of the study or community and where Indigenous-specific conclusions are intended.
- Knowledge gained from the research.
- Skills training opportunities for community members.
- Addressing a community priority related to research.
A9-3. What are possible benefits of research for a community (select all that apply)?
- Knowledge gained from the research.
- Helping the researcher get a publication in an academic journal.
- Skills training opportunities for community members.
- Addressing a community priority related to research.
- Knowledge transfer to researchers.
- Community customs and codes of practice should be integrated into research agreements.
- Research agreements should set out how disputes between the parties will be resolved.
A9-4. Which of the following statement(s) about research agreements is/are correct (select all that apply)?
- Research agreements are required for any research involving First Nations, Inuit and Métis participants.
- Researchers should draft research agreements so communities can just sign on.
- Community customs and codes of practice should be integrated into research agreements.
- Research agreements should set out how disputes between the parties will be resolved.
- Only researchers have responsibilities under research agreements.
- The guidance in Chapter 9 may also apply to non-Indigenous communities.
- For some research projects including critical inquiry of a public institution, engagement with formal leadership may not be required.
A9-5. Which of the following statement(s) is true (select all that apply)?
- The guidance in Chapter 9 may also apply to non-Indigenous communities.
- For some research projects including critical inquiry of a public institution, engagement with formal leadership may not be required.
- It is not ethically acceptable to conduct research involving critical inquiry of Indigenous institutions, polices or social phenomena.
- In the context of research involving Indigenous communities, individual consent is less important than community approval of the research.
No
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
The researcher believes that some of the high school students who will respond to the survey may come from an Indigenous community. However, the researcher does not intend to make Indigeneity an element of their analysis of the findings. Moreover, it will not be possible for the researcher to know which participants are from Indigenous communities, because the survey does not include socio-demographic questions that would allow such description. In this case, is the researcher required to do community engagement?
No
Yes
False
According to TCPS 2, an incentive that is offered to participants must be directly proportional to the level of risk imposed on them by the research.
True
False
Research in which the possible harms are no greater than those
According to TCPS 2, what is minimal risk research (select the most appropriate definition)?
- Research that does not involve any invasive interventions.
- Research that involves a risk level that most prospective participants are likely to accept.
- Research in which the possible harms are no greater than those encountered by participants in their everyday life.
- Research that can be conducted without any risk for participants.
- Research that adopts a methodological approach that is known to be the least risky available.
A large research team of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world wish to conduct research aiming to identify biological and social predispositions to chronic diseases amongst Indigenous Peoples in Canada. This research includes in-depth interviews with individuals living in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories, as well as the collection of blood and saliva samples, which will be used to perform genomic analyses.
Please select the correct answer:
- If the proposed research involved Indigenous communities only in regions outside Canada, Chapter 9 of TCPS 2 could not apply.
- The guidance found in Chapter 9 of TCPS 2 may be relevant and apply to non-Indigenous communities.
- Chapter 9 is the sole chapter of TCPS 2 providing guidance to researchers when they conduct research involving Indigenous communities.
- All of the above.
- None of the above.
No
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
Some REB members do not agree with the methodological decision of the researcher to exclude from the study students who have never used cannabis, because they believe that it will diminish the likelihood that the researcher can publish the results in a prestigious journal. Based on this reason, should the REB require that the researcher change the protocol?
Yes
No
No
The dynamics of how a new virus transmits through human populations are not well understood. One theory is that it is being transmitted from human to human through exposure to mosquitoes at workplaces. If this proves to be true, installing mosquito nets at workplaces would provide employees with sufficient protection against the new virus. The scientific evidence does not yet indicate whether this hypothesis is correct. During an epidemic in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher working under the auspices of an institution eligible for Agency funding proposes a research protocol that aims to test this hypothesis. The methodology essentially consists of recruiting employees working for different employers, randomly assigning them to Group A (using mosquito nets) or Group B (control group not using mosquito nets), and assessing the relative effectiveness of mosquito nets by observing the incidence of the virus in these two groups.
Consider the situation where, in the course of the research, definitive scientific evidence becomes available that the virus can be transmitted from human to human, but not through mosquitos. Do you believe that the researcher should continue the study as initially approved by the REB?
Yes
No
Yes
The dynamics of how a new virus transmits through human populations are not well understood. One theory is that it is being transmitted from human to human through exposure to mosquitoes at workplaces. If this proves to be true, installing mosquito nets at workplaces would provide employees with sufficient protection against the new virus. The scientific evidence does not yet indicate whether this hypothesis is correct. During an epidemic in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher working under the auspices of an institution eligible for Agency funding proposes a research protocol that aims to test this hypothesis. The methodology essentially consists of recruiting employees working for different employers, randomly assigning them to Group A (using mosquito nets) or Group B (control group not using mosquito nets), and assessing the relative effectiveness of mosquito nets by observing the incidence of the virus in these two groups.
Consider the case where one of the members of the researcher's family works for a company that produces, commercializes, and distributes mosquito nets. Should the researcher disclose a potential conflict of interest to the REB?
No
Yes
- Researchers should initiate community engagement prior to seeking REB review.
A large research team of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world wish to conduct research aiming to identify biological and social predispositions to chronic diseases amongst Indigenous Peoples in Canada. This research includes in-depth interviews with individuals living in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories, as well as the collection of blood and saliva samples, which will be used to perform genomic analyses.
Please select the correct answer:
- Researchers should seek REB review prior to initiating community engagement.
- Community engagement and REB review should be initiated simultaneously.
- Researchers should initiate community engagement prior to seeking REB review.
True
Program evaluation activities do not constitute research for the purposes of TCPS 2
False
True
True
In order to identify prospective participants who may be in a position to help answer specific research questions, it can be ethically acceptable to engage with some individuals or their community before seeking REB review and approval of the research project.
False
True
No
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
If the REB determines that the targeted population and prospective participants have the capacity to decide for themselves to participate in this study, must the REB also require that the researcher seek the authorization of a parent or authorized third party prior to the participation of minors in this context?
Yes
No
False
As the main policy document for research ethics in Canada, TCPS 2 supersedes provincial and territorial legislation.
False
True
False
According to Chapter 9 of TCPS 2, researchers cannot conduct critical inquiries of the governance of Indigenous institutions.
False
True
Yes
The dynamics of how a new virus transmits through human populations are not well understood. One theory is that it is being transmitted from human to human through exposure to mosquitoes at workplaces. If this proves to be true, installing mosquito nets at workplaces would provide employees with sufficient protection against the new virus. The scientific evidence does not yet indicate whether this hypothesis is correct. During an epidemic in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher working under the auspices of an institution eligible for Agency funding proposes a research protocol that aims to test this hypothesis. The methodology essentially consists of recruiting employees working for different employers, randomly assigning them to Group A (using mosquito nets) or Group B (control group not using mosquito nets), and assessing the relative effectiveness of mosquito nets by observing the incidence of the virus in these two groups. (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
The research involves collaborators working in the country of the study. They have obtained all the necessary ethics certifications required to conduct the research in that country. Does the REB of the Canadian researcher also need to approve the research?
Yes
No
Yes
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
The researcher proposes to ask teachers to inform their students that the study exists, and to tell them where they can access the link to the survey, in case they wish to complete it, at home or anywhere outside the classroom. The schoolboard has approved the proposal, the teachers are not members of the research team and the context is not likely to exercise coercive pressure on students to participate in the study. Is the proposal ethically acceptable?
Yes
No
No
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
The REB administrator sees the proposed study as minimal risk research and decides to do a delegated review instead of a full board REB review. Is the REB administrator correct in thinking this is minimal risk research and that delegated review is acceptable in this case?
No
Yes
No
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
The researcher proposes to ask participants to provide minimal information about themselves, such as sex, gender, age, and postal code (indirect identifiers). However, the participants will not be required to provide direct identifiers such as their name and the researcher will not collect their IP address. Considering the information that will be collected, can the data be considered anonymous?
Yes
No
True
Participant consent may be obtained in ways other than in writing.
True
False
No
The dynamics of how a new virus transmits through human populations are not well understood. One theory is that it is being transmitted from human to human through exposure to mosquitoes at workplaces. If this proves to be true, installing mosquito nets at workplaces would provide employees with sufficient protection against the new virus. The scientific evidence does not yet indicate whether this hypothesis is correct. During an epidemic in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher working under the auspices of an institution eligible for Agency funding proposes a research protocol that aims to test this hypothesis. The methodology essentially consists of recruiting employees working for different employers, randomly assigning them to Group A (using mosquito nets) or Group B (control group not using mosquito nets), and assessing the relative effectiveness of mosquito nets by observing the incidence of the virus in these two groups. (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
In order to facilitate the consent process, the researcher plans to exclude all employees who are minors and may need parental consent to participate. Based on the provided reason, would the exclusion of this group from the study be ethically acceptable?
No
Yes
False
Canadian researchers who plan to recruit participants only from outside Canada are not required to seek REB approval from their institution because the mission of TCPS 2 is to protect Canadian research participants.
False
True
No
The dynamics of how a new virus transmits through human populations are not well understood. One theory is that it is being transmitted from human to human through exposure to mosquitoes at workplaces. If this proves to be true, installing mosquito nets at workplaces would provide employees with sufficient protection against the new virus. The scientific evidence does not yet indicate whether this hypothesis is correct. During an epidemic in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher working under the auspices of an institution eligible for Agency funding proposes a research protocol that aims to test this hypothesis. The methodology essentially consists of recruiting employees working for different employers, randomly assigning them to Group A (using mosquito nets) or Group B (control group not using mosquito nets), and assessing the relative effectiveness of mosquito nets by observing the incidence of the virus in these two groups.
Consider the situation where, prior to the research, some prospective participants had already installed mosquito nets at their workplaces as a precautionary measure. In this situation, the researcher is aware that some participants will be reluctant to be randomly assigned to the group working in a workplace without mosquito nets. In order to convince them to participate, the researcher proposes to provide these prospective participants with a monetary incentive that is significant for them. Is this approach ethically acceptable?
No
Yes
All of the above
A large research team of biologists, social scientists, epidemiologists and statisticians from Canada and around the world wish to conduct research aiming to identify biological and social predispositions to chronic diseases amongst Indigenous Peoples in Canada. This research includes in-depth interviews with individuals living in First Nations, Inuit and Métis territories, as well as the collection of blood and saliva samples, which will be used to perform genomic analyses.
The researchers plan to conduct in-depth interviews that ask members of Indigenous communities to provide information about their diet and lifestyle. Please select the correct answer:
Some research projects involving Indigenous communities can meet the criteria for minimal risk research and be evaluated in delegated review.
In the context of research involving Indigenous communities, it is the responsibility of the REB to determine whether a given research project should be considered minimal risk research.
In the context of research involving Indigenous communities, the distinction between minimal risk and above minimal risk research is relevant.
All of the above.
None of the above.
Yes
A researcher at a Canadian institution eligible to receive Agency funding wishes to determine the frequency of cannabis consumption among high school students in Canada. The researcher will create a website that includes a secure link to a survey for students wishing to participate in the research. For scientific reasons, only students who have already used cannabis will be invited to participate and respond anonymously to the survey (please answer all questions by YES or NO).
The researcher wishes to compare the frequency of cannabis consumption depending on the sex and gender of the students. Is such an analysis ethically acceptable?
Yes
No
No
The dynamics of how a new virus transmits through human populations are not well understood. One theory is that it is being transmitted from human to human through exposure to mosquitoes at workplaces. If this proves to be true, installing mosquito nets at workplaces would provide employees with sufficient protection against the new virus. The scientific evidence does not yet indicate whether this hypothesis is correct. During an epidemic in a foreign country, a Canadian researcher working under the auspices of an institution eligible for Agency funding proposes a research protocol that aims to test this hypothesis. The methodology essentially consists of recruiting employees working for different employers, randomly assigning them to Group A (using mosquito nets) or Group B (control group not using mosquito nets), and assessing the relative effectiveness of mosquito nets by observing the incidence of the virus in these two groups.
In order to facilitate the recruitment of participants, the researcher plans to invite the employers to be part of the research team. By doing so, the researcher hopes that the research will be better publicized, that the employees will feel more engaged in the research, and that recommendations based on the research results will be implemented. Do you agree that such collaboration is advisable from an ethical standpoint?
Yes
No