unit 0 vocab

Informed consent

an ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Informed assent

the agreement of someone not able to give legal consent to participate in a research activity (e.g.

Confidentiality

a researcher's agreement with participants

Institutional review

when a study is examined for ethical concerns by a committee knowledgeable about research and clinical practice

Protection from harm

the right of research participants to be protected from physical or psychological harm or stress

Deception

misleading participants about the true purpose of a study or the things that will actually happen in a study

Debriefing

the post-experimental explanation of a study

Eugenics

a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population

Central tendency

a number that describes something about the "average" score of a distribution (mean

Mean

the arithmetic average of a distribution

Median

the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it

Mode

The value that occurs most frequently in a given data set.

Variation

the dispersion among data values (i.e.

Percentile rank

the percentage of scores below a specific score in a distribution of scores

Range

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Operational definition

a clear

Case study

a research design involving an in-depth and detailed examination of a single subject or small group

Meta-analysis

a statistical method that combines the results of multiple studies to reveal patterns and draw general conclusions

Naturalistic observation

a descriptive technique of observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Structured interviews

a method of gathering information that involves asking a set of predetermined questions in a predetermined order to each participant

Likert scale

a rating scale that measures attitudes

Effect size

a measure of the strength of the relationship between two variables (or the extent of an experimental effect) to help show the significance of a research finding

Statistical significance

shows how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

Replication

repeating a research study to see if the same results can be obtained to show if the original study's findings can be applied to other situations or populations

Peer review

a process in which experts evaluate a research study