amstud unit 1 test

ha ha ha i am so scared.

maize

corn! NA societies were built around this. allowed people to settle societies w/o livestock

christian liberty

religious idea of liberty; freedom from sin is found through god. - pre Americas, religious tolerance was nonexistent

reconquista

spanish christian monarchs reconquer spain for christianity.

* spain is now reunited, sponsors columbus
* forced muslim/jews to leave spain or convert

columbian exchange

exchange of goods/ideas/diseases

* caused the deaths of NA’s because of foreign diseases

encomienda system

spanish system of granting land to colonists in the new world

* exploited natives/resources
* system was abolished, replaced w a new one that gave more freedom

pueblo revolt

revolts from the native/mestizo people from New Mexico

* only successful explusion of european settlers in north american history

native american religious practice trends

ceremonies, spiritual power, rituals etc.

black legend

propoganda that criticizes the Spanish empire

virginia company

joint stock company; colonized virginia

* funded jamestown (helped nw europe like britian gain more power)

indentured servant

people who are basically servants, work for passage to the new world

headright system

land distribution system; people are given land to bring indentured servants/settlers

* how colonies (like virginia company) made functional societies

house of burgesses

first elected govt body in the “US”

mayflower compact

one of the first examples of a contract system of govt for settlers

half-way covenant

purtian arrangement to baptize children; but they are not full members

* women are more Puritans
* lessens purism in new england

metacom/king phillip

leader of a Wampanoag resistance to colonial rule

* created tensions in NA communities

navigation acts

formalzed mercantlism and led to english surpassing dutch in world trade

bacon’s rebellion

rebellion of poor white indentured servant; angry about uneven land distribution

* attained rights for indentured servants

glorious revolution

reform of english govt; parliament has more power than crown

* trend is reflected in colonies, catholics less power
* crackdown on colonial authority

english bill of rights

laws passed by parliament to consolidate power of parliament/rights of englishmen

transatlantic slave trade

mass slave trade during the 1700/1800’s

* reflects economic trends during this period/demand for labor increasing

middle passage

where African slaves crossed the Atlantic in slave ships under the harshest of conditions

republicanism

political system must be based upon rule of law, rights, soverignity of people. **repersentation by common election is a central idea**

liberalism

government is necessary to protect people from others, but it can be a threat. laws, judges, police are needed for individual life/liberty, but power must be limited to PUBLIC sphere. (social contract)

deference

assumption that wealth/education/social status meant you had public office

* resulted in white rich landowning men in office

salutary neglect

colonies basically govern themselves!

* led to rise of local government

american enlightment

logic > religion, john locke, newton. the individual and logics/science is more important than religion

* ben franklin: poor richard/s almanac, stressed scientific method

first great awakening

oh no! the enlightenment! revival of christianity in response to the enlightenment, **indiviual relationship w god**.

albany plan of union

franklin proposed that we should united american colonies for defense/benefit (united states?!?!?!??!!?)

* first proposal to create central unifying power between colonies

asiento system

foreign powers subcontract slaves to spanish america

* helps formalize slavery in american colonies

virtual representation

british idea that a member of parliament represents the colony …. (weird)

* another thing colonists were mad ab! no taxation w/o representation

boston massacre

british soliders vs american colonists, american colonists were allegedly peacefully protest. incites colonists anger

* crispus attucks is the first to die here

boston tea party

sons of liberty dump silly pricy british tea into the harbor! oops!

common sense

written by thomas paine, laid out colonists grievances for public/british

* very accessible for the common man

declaration of independence

formal declaration of independence from britian! jefferson/adams/franklin

american exceptionalism

america will be the revolutionary model/refugee for freedom. model for democratic societies in the future. (ends up influencing france/haiti/LA)

battle of saratoga

battle that convinces the french to intervene and support american colonists.

valley forge

campsite of washington’s army, very cold

* ended up uniting the continental army

benedict arnold

american general who defected to the british, now a symbol of cowardice and treason

battle of yorktown

final battle of the revolution, ended the revolution

suffrage

the right to vote; american white landowning men were fighting for it

bill for establishing religious freedom

virginia state law that said jefferson is the model for seperation of church and state

republican motherhood

the idea that women play a special role in a democratic society; they must educate sons

* gives women more of a role in the house