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Reference Maps

Maps designed for general information about places, including political and physical maps.

Thematic Maps

Maps used to show how human activities are distributed.

Cartogram

A map where thematic mapping variables are substituted for land area or distance.

Choropleth

A thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the value of a variable.

Dot Density

A thematic map that uses dots to represent the frequency of a variable.

Isoline

A thematic map with lines that connect points of equal value.

Proportional Symbol

A thematic map where the size of a symbol varies in proportion to the value of the variable represented.

Absolute Distance

The exact measurement of the physical space between two points.

Relative Distance

The distance between two places measured in terms of time, cost, or other factors.

Clustering

Spatial pattern where objects or people are grouped together.

Dispersal

Spatial pattern where objects or people are spread over a wide area.

Elevation

The height of a point on the Earth's surface above sea level.

Mercator Map

A map projection that accurately represents shape and direction but distorts size.

Robinson Map

A map projection that slightly distorts everything to show the whole world.

Goode Map

A map projection that accurately portrays continent sizes but distorts direction and distance.

Gall Peters Map

A map projection that distorts shapes, especially near the equator.