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16 Terms
Reasons for Leaving Europe
Who: Europeans
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Encomienda System
Who: Spaniards
What: A labor system that granted Spanish colonists the right to demand tribute and forced labor from Indigenous inhabitants in the Americas.
When: Beginning of the 16th Century to Early 18th Century (1502-1720)
Where: North, Central, and South America
Why: To use Native labour for the purpose of harvesting natural American resources, most notably gold and silver.
How: Natives were expected to provide either labour (ex. farming, mining) or tribute (ex. maize, gold) to the Spanish encomenderos. In return, the encomenderos were supposed to protect the Natives and ensure their conversion to Christianity.
Virginia Company
Who: King James I, Investors, Colonists, John Smith and John Rolfe, the Powhatan Confederacy
What: Businesses owned collectively by shareholders who invested capital (expected a profit despite it being a risky venture).
When: 1606-1624 (Dissolved when Virginia became a royal colony)
Where: Virginia Territory
Why: Economic Motives (Natural Resources), Colonization, and to spread Christianity
How: Funding from investors, King James I chartered it, and tobacco cultivation became the economic lifeline of the colony.
Jamestown
Who: Funded by the Virginia Company, John Smith and John Rolfe, the Powhatan Confederacy
What: The first permanent English settlement in North America. The settlement struggled with disease, famine, harsh winters, and conflicts with Natives, but thrived economically through the cultivation of tobacco, introduced by John Rolfe.
When: 1607
Where: Virginia
Why: Economic Motive (Natural Resources), Expansion (To compete with Spain, France, etc. as far as American presence), and Agriculture (TOBACCO!!!!!)
How: Funding from the Virginia Company, John Smith’s leadership and eventual peace with the Powhatan Confederacy
The Powhatan Confederacy
Who: Powhatan (A.K.A., Wahunsunacawh), Pocahontas
What: A large alliance of Native American tribes led by Chief Powhatan. Initially, The Confederacy was peaceful with the settlers, providing food and assistance in exchange for trade goods. But tensions rose, and the Confederacy sought to protect their land from encroaching English settlers, who were demanding land and introducing diseases.
When: Late 16th Century (Before the arrival of English settlers)
Where: Chesapeake Bay region
Why: Unification for survival; Political and social unity
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Pueblo Indians
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Asiento System
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Roanoke
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House of Burgesses
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Mercantilism
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Cash Crops
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Triangular Trade
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Order of Colonization of Colonies
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Encomienda System
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