1.1 Perspectives

What is perspective? What is it based on?

how a particular situation is viewed and understood by an individual

based on a mix of personal and collective assumptions, values, and beliefs

Personal perspectives give rise to a wide range of _.

different positions on environmental and social issues

What are values?

qualities or principles that people feel have worth and importance in life

Values affect people’s _.

priorities, judgements, perspectives, and choices

Values are _, and shaped by, _.

indicidual but are shared with, others in a community

The values that underpin our perspectives can be seen in _.

our communication and actions with the wider community

The values held by organizations can be _.

seen through advertisements, media, policies, and actions

Different values often _.

leda to tensions between individuals and between organizations

can be used to investigate the perspectives shown by a particular .

Values surveys, social group towards environmental issues

The effective design of value surveys for a particular social group accommodates _ towards _, and asses how _.

various perspectives, a particular environmental issue, these are likely to impact the issue

Define ecocentric:

An ecocentric viewpoint integrates _ dimensions into _. It puts ecology and _ and emphasizes a _ to life with _ of societies. An eccentric viewpoint prioritizes _, emphasizes the importance of _ and encourages _ in human behavior.

social, spiritual, and environmental

a holistic ideal

nature as central to humanity

less materialistic approach

greater self-sufficiency

biorights

education

self-restraint

Define anthropocentric:

An anthropocentric viewpoint argues that _ must _. This might be through the use of _. _ would be encouraged to reach a _ to solving environmental problems

humans

sustainably manage the global system

taxes, environmental regulation, and legislation

Debate

consensual, pragmatic approach

Define technocentric:

A technocentric viewpoint argues that _ can provide solutions to environmental problems. This is a consequence of a largely _ of the role humans can play in _. _ is encouraged in order to _ and to _. A _ is deemed necessary for _.

technological developments

optimistic view

improving the lot of humanity

Scientific research

form policies

understand how systems can be controlled, manipulated, or changed to solve resource depletion

pro-growth agenda

society’s improvement

Give examples of people who believe in ecocentrism, anthropocentrism, and tchnocentrism.

Jane Goodall, Al Gore, Bill Gates