APUSH Spanish American War, Roosevelt - Taft, Wilson

when was the period of Isolationism?

1848-1890

when was the Spanish American War?

1898

when was WWI?

1914-1918

what year did America join WWI?

1917

what foreign policy happened under McKinley's administration?

Spanish American War

what foreign policy happened under Roosevelt's administration?

Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary

what foreign policy happened under Taft's administration?

Dollar Diplomacy

what foreign policy happened under Wilson's administration?

WWI

Isolationism

a time period when a country has nothing to do with foreign policy

why was the US in a period of isolationism before WWI?

Manifest Destiny, Civil War, Reconstruction, 2nd Industrial Revolution, Progressive Movement

what factors ended the period of Isolationism?

end of the frontier, Industrial Revolution, imperialism, White Man's Burden, Alfred T Mahan, spirit of a new generation

Imperialism

the belief that land equals power

White Man's Burden

Rudyard Kipling, the belief that it is the burden of white civilized society to bring their culture to other people or countries, ex. Hawaii, Philippines, 1893

The Interest of America in Sea Power

wrote by Alfred T Mahan, wants to introduce more coaling stations and build up the navy

Spirit of a New Generation

believe war is romantic, don't understand the reality of warfare so are willing to go to war

what are causes of the Spanish American War?

problems in Cuba, US interest in Cuba, American jingoism, yellow journalism, De Lome letter, sinking of the Maine

jingoism

aggressive foreign policy

yellow journalism

exaggerated journalism to get people to buy their newspaper

McKinley Tariff of 1890

puts a tariff on Cuban sugarcane, causes an economic depression, Cuba blames Spain and tries to revolt

De Lome letter

a letter from the Spanish foreign minister to Spain that gets intercepted by newspapers trashing McKinley

what is significant about the De Lome letter?

it encourages Americans to support war with Spain

sinking of the Maine

it blows up and US blames Spain, it was just an internal explosion but they didn't know until the 1970s

Joseph Pulitzer

editor of The New York World

William R Hearst

editor of The New York Journal

Teller Amendment

says that America has no intention of annexing Cuba

Platt Amendment

says that America has the right to intervene in Cuba's affairs

Treaty of Paris

gives the USA Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

why are the Philippines a problem after the Treaty of Versailles?

the US fights a 3 year guerilla war there and loses more men there than in the Spanish American War

why do the interventionists want to take the Philippines?

commercial interests, "civilize the heathens", White Man's Burden, Social Darwinism, Germany was threatening to take it

why do the non-interventionists not want to take the Philippines?

it would turn a war of liberation into a war of conquest (Anti-Imperialist League), possible war with Japan or China, Declaration of Independence: "no government without the consent of the governed", too many problems at home

Open Door Notes

made by John Hay, proposed that the leaders of imperialist nations in China share their trade

what did Roosevelt want to protect in China?

American commercial interests from "spheres of influence" from other countries

what is the problem in Panama and what does Roosevelt do about it?

Columbia owns Panama, US offers $10 million and a $250,000 rental fee, it is rejected so they incite a rebellion there instead

Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty

treaty that negotiates for the US to build the Panama canal for $275 million

what is the significance of the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty?

it improves trade significantly, cuts down travel time, and continues ruining our relationship with Latin America

Monroe Doctrine

directed to Europe, no further European colonization in Latin America, 1824

Roosevelt Corollary

directed to Latin America, get their affairs in order or else we will do it for them, the US has a right to assume the role of "an international police power"

what is the problem with the Panama Canal?

weak Latin American countries may default on debts owed to European banks, causing European intervention

Dollar Diplomacy

usage of American economic power to promote American influence in Latin America, offer a loan to Latin American countries so they can pay their debts to Europe and owe the US instead

what was Wilson's moral diplomacy?

wanted to demonstrated that the U.S. respected other nation's rights and would support the spread of democracy, Secretary of State was William Jennings Bryan

Conciliation Treaties

submit disputes to international commissions, observe a one year cooling-off period before taking military action, made by William Jennings Bryan

what was the reality of Conciliation Treaties?

Wilson interfered in the affairs of more Latin American countries than Roosevelt and Taft combined

Tampico Incident

Victoriano Huerta becomes dictator of Mexico, Americans are arrested in MX, US sends their Navy, joint mediation from the ABC powers, Wilson encourages Mexicans to overthrow Huerta

the ABC powers

Argentina, Brazil, Chile

Pancho Villa

Mexican bandit, the US can't catch him and it shows that the US isn't prepared for a major war

Central Powers

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Turkey

Allied Powers

Serbia, Russia, France, Britain, Italy, USA

why does WWI happen?

nationalism imperialism, alliance system

Nationalism in WWI

Serbian nationalists tried to protect their country from Austria-Hungary by killing Archduke Franz Ferdinand

who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?

heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary

Imperialism in WWI

Austria-Hungary wants more land because land equals power

Alliance system in WWI

causes many countries to get involved in WWI instead of just staying between two countries, why the US doesn't sign the Treaty of Versailles

why does the US enter WWI?

Germany is sinking their merchant ships while trading with Europe

National Security League

believes that Americans should remain neutral in fact as well as in name

Sussex Pledge

Germany says they are allowed to search all ships and if they find ammo they can remove the passengers and blow up the ship

what did the US enter in 1917 during WWI?

Russia is gone due to the Russian Revolution so Germany could focus on France, France had low morale, Americans brought the spirit and men to win the war

American Expeditionary Force

John J Pershing, only in WWI

Selective Service Act

Wilson wants a more democratic draft /can't buy your way out of it, the military leaders are going to be trained instead of political leaders

War Industries Board

asks American industries to produce for the war effort, Bernard Baruch

Food Administration

responsible for feeding refugees overseas and getting Americans to ration food at home, Herbert Hoover

Fuel Administration

asks Americans to conserve fuel

Committee on Public Information

responsible for war bond sales, rationing, propaganda posters, 4 minute men

4 Minute Men

make a 4 minute speech of who and why we are fighting and what can you do in the war

Espionage Act

says that the US is allowed to deport any dangerous spies

Sedition Act

says that speaking anything false or malicious against the American government, flag, or uniform is not allowed /you will go to prison, in Schenk vs US the Supreme Court upholds this act, it is a violation of civil liberties

what is the most important phase of mobilization and why?

Psychological, gets Americans to support the war because soldiers are more willing to fight when they know they have supporters at home

why was the Peace Settlement of WWI so harsh against Germany?

Wilson was barely there and wouldn't send his Secretary of State

the Big Four

Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando

14 Points

Wilson’s plan for peace, Germany loves this but the other countries don’t so peace is not based on the 14 points

why was the Treaty of Versailles technically a secret treaty?

Germany wasn't present at the conference

League of Nations

an alliance system and the only one of the 14 Points that was implemented

War Guilt Clause

Germany is responsible for all death and destruction of the war, US doesn't sign, they are forced to pay $120 billion but don't have the territory they need to make money

what's the problem with the Treaty of Versailles for the US?

Article X, the US signs separate peace agreements with each country instead

Article X of the Treaty of Versailles

says that any league member must go to the aid of another if attacked

what is a direct cause of WWII?

the Treaty of Versailles