Theory, Personality, Growth, and Development Lecture Notes

Flashcards testing definitions and specific citations regarding Theory, Personality, Human Growth, and Development from the lecture notes.

In what types of cases is the case history method mainly used?

Case history is mainly used in medical or mental cases.

How is a theory defined in relation to describing reality and solving problems?

A theory is a speculation or statement attempting to describe a segment of reality. It is also defined as a body of knowledge and a mental product arising from an attempt to find a solution to a problem.

What is the function of a theory in scientific research?

Theory guides the process of research and develops ideas that allow scientists to explain events by asking "whys" and finding answers to them.

What is personality and what makes it unique to an individual?

Personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's unique character. It is a complex multi-faceted construct encompassing human behaviour, emotions, and thoughts that distinguish one person from another.

What is the Latin origin and meaning of the word "Personality"?

The word "Personality" is derived from the Latin word "persona", which means a mask used by actors to change their appearance.

What factors influence personality and what aspects of human life does it affect?

Personality is influenced by genetics, environmental, and social factors. It plays a crucial role in how individuals perceive the world, interact with others, and make decisions.

How is physical human growth defined, directed, and measured?

Human growth means an organism is becoming longer or heavier. Growth can be horizontal or vertical, and physical growth is measured in terms of height (meters and centimetres) and weight ($\text{kg}$).

How does Geadlock define human growth?

According to Geadlock, growth is a change or increase in size in proportion, height, or weight, as well as the disappearance of old features and the acquisition of new ones.

How did Brow & Crow (1968) describe growth?

According to Brow & Crow in 1968, growth occurs when the individual experiences structural and physiological changes. It is a quantitative change of the body and a process of physical maturation resulting in an increase in body and organ size.

Why is the growth stage described as an open process?

The growth stage is described as an open process because everyone in the life of an individual sees the growth at all times.

What does human development entail according to the lecture notes?

Human development involves the unfoldment of innate potentialism, specifies maturation of functions, and indicates the acquisition of a variety of skills for optimal functioning and a progressive increase in capacity.

How did Bakere (1981) define development?

Bakere (1981) defined development as the continuous appearance of some qualities in an individual which will make him function better than before.

How did Fayambo (2004) define human development?

Fayambo (2004) opined that development represents the continuities and changes that an individual experiences from womb to tomb.

How did Shaffer (1999) define human development?

Shaffer (1999) defined development as the systematic continuities and changes in the individual that occur between conception and death (i.e., from when the father's sperm penetrates the mother's ovum creating a new organism until death).