final exam

The gland that is approximately the size of a pea and is located at the base of the brain is called the

 

pituitary gland

he posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is also called the

neurohypophysis

The parathyroid glands are

four small bodies embedded in the posterior lobes of the thyroid gland.

The adrenal glands are

paired glands, one of which is located above each kidney.

The hormone that regulates development, growth, and function of the ovaries and testes is

 

follicle-stimulating hormone.

The hormone that affects the male and female reproductive systems is

gonadotropic hormone

Hydrocortisone is a medication that acts like

cortisol

The pituitary gland is also called the

hypophysis cerebri.

Which of the following is true of the thyroid gland?

The thyroid gland secretes thyroxine, which is necessary for cell metabolism.

The combining form meaning the outer layer of a body organ is

cortic/o.

The combining form meaning parathyroid glands is

parathyroid/o.

Adenohypophysis is another name for the

anterior pituitary lobe.

A test to assess a child’s growth hormone levels would focus on the functioning of the

pituitary gland.

The combining form meaning calcium is

calc/i

The combining form meaning sodium is

 

natr/o.

ADH is the abbreviation for

 

antidiuretic hormone.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the

adrenal medulla.

which hormone is necessary for body cell metabolism?

Thyroxine

___________ secretes a "releasing hormone" that stimulates or inhibits the release pituitary gland hormones

hypothalamus.

PRL is the abbreviation for

prolactin

A narrow strip of tissue that connects two larger structures, for example, the tissue between the two lobes of the thyroid gland, is called a(n)

isthmus.

 

1

adrenals

2

parathyroid

3

thyroid

4

thymus

5

pancreas

___________ secretes a "releasing hormone" that stimulates or inhibits the release pituitary gland hormones

 

hypothalamus

The brain is encased within the ________, which is the large, superior part of the skull.

cranium

The largest portion of the brain, divided into right and left hemispheres, is called the

cerebrum

The portion of the brain that connects with the spinal cord is called the

brainstem.

The ventricles are

spaces within the brain that contain a fluid.

The three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord are called

meninges.

The cordlike structures made up of fibers that carry impulses from one part of the body to another are called

nerves

The combining form meaning spinal cord is

myel/o

The combining form meaning brain is

 

encephal/o.

The combining form meaning nerve root is

rhiz/o

Spinal nerves carry impulses between

the spinal cord and the abdomen, limbs, and chest.

The meaning of the medical term neurologist is

 

a physician who studies and treats diseases of the nerves (nervous system).

_________ neurons conduct impulses away from the brain and spinal cord toward the muscles and glands.

Efferent

The combining form for the layers of membranes that protect the brain is

mening/o.

The three parts of the brainstem are the

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain.

The largest part of the brain, responsible for controlling skeletal muscles, interpreting the senses, and managing intellect, memory and emotional reactions is the

cerebrum.

Group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system

ganglion.

CNS abbreviates the medical term meaning

system including the brain and spinal cord.

Specialized cells within the nervous system that support and nourish nervous tissue but do not conduct impulses are called

glia

Which part of the brain assists in skeletal muscle coordination and balance?

 

Cerebellum

1

nerves

2

peripheral nervous system

3

brain

4

spinal cord

5

central nervous system

The outermost layer of the bone, made up of fibrous tissue, is called

periosteum

The wrist bones are called the

carpal bones.

The clavicle is the

 

collarbone.

The shaft of the long bones is called the

diaphysis

The upper, wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis is called the

ilium

The two pubic bones join anteriorly at midline to form the

symphysis pubis.

In describing a crushing injury to both of the bones of the forearm, Juan’s medical report is most likely to contain the term

ulnoradial.

The medical term referring to the upper leg bone is

femur.

The medical term referring to the flexible, tough band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches one bone to another at a joint is

ligament.

Skeletal muscles are also called

striated muscles.

The medical term denoting turning outward is

eversion

The patient’s medical report mentions “tibial” damage. From this we know that there has been an injury to the

shin bone

A type of bone cell that absorbs and removes bone minerals to enlarge the inner cavity of a bone is called a(n)

osteoclast

The combining form meaning radius (lower arm bone) is

radi/o.

The word part that completes the medical term meaning pertaining to the loins (the part of the back between the thorax and pelvis), ___________/ar, is

lumb

The medical term referring to pertaining to between the vertebrae is

intervertebral

The medical term referring to a developing bone cell is

osteoblast.

The medical term intercostal means pertaining to

between the ribs

One of the combining forms for muscle is

myos/o

The combining form for the lower jawbone is

 

mandibul/o.

The combining form _______________ means joint.

arthr/o

A strong sheet of tissue bonds muscle to bone; this tissue is represented by the combining form

aponeur/o.

The lower arm bone on the little finger side, or medial side, is the

ulna

The lower leg bones are the

tibia and fibula.

Kayla’s physical therapist wants her to practice _______, which involves continually swinging her leg away from the midline of the body.

 

abduction

1

Epiphyseal line (plate)

2

articular cartilage

3

epiphysis

5

diaphysis

1

spongy bone

2

red marrow cavities

3

compact bone

4

yellow marrow

5

medullary cavity

The watery fluid that provides both shape and nourishment to the anterior part of the eye is called

aqueous humor.

The transparent structure on the sclera that allows light rays into the eye is called the

cornea

The lacrimal glands are the

anatomic structures that produce tears.

The anatomic structure directly behind the pupil that focuses and bends light is called the

lens

The combining form meaning tear, tear duct is

lacrim/o.

The combining form meaning lens is

phac/o

The medical term meaning pertaining to within the eye is

intraocular.

The meaning of the medical term ophthalmic is pertaining to

eye

The physician who studies and treats diseases of the eye is an

ophthalmologist.

The name of the specialist who fills prescriptions for lenses but cannot prescribe them is

optician

The middle layer of the eye is the

choroid

Once an image is received by vision receptors in the retina, the _________ carries visual impulses from the retina to the brain.

optic nerve

The pigmented muscular structure that regulates the amount of light that enters the pupil is the

iris

The glands found in the upper and lower edges of the eyelids that help lubricate the eye with oil are the _________ glands.

meibomian

The cornea is the transparent anterior part of the

sclera