STAT 2300 5.1+.5

probability

probability

quantified uncertainty, always between 0-1

random phenomena

Those outcomes that are unpredictable in the short term, but nevertheless, have a long-term pattern.

experiment

an act or process of observation with uncertain results that can be repeated

Law of Large Numbers

the larger the number of individuals that are randomly drawn from a population, the more representative the resulting group will be of the entire population

independent

trials of a random experiment are ____ if the outcome of any one trial is not effected by the outcome of any other trial

probability model

a list of all the possible outcomes and a probability for each outcome

sample space

the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment (S)

tree diagram

A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes

multiplication rule of counting

states that the total number of outcomes for a probability experiment will be the product of the number of outcomes for each individual task in the experiment

with replacement

put the selected object back into the collection before drawing the next

without replacement

put the selected object aside before drawing the next

permutation

a collection of r objects chosen from n different objects when the order of selection is important and selection is done without replacement

permutations rule

Used when selecting a smaller group from a larger group and you put them in a specific order. *ORDER IS IMPORTANT nPr= n! (n-r)! n=sample size, r=smaller objects selecting On calculator: enter amount(n), math, PRB, 2, enter amount(r), enter

1

0!

combinations

order does not matter, selection is without replacement

event

any collection of outcomes from a probability experiment

simple events

events with only one outcome (ei)

impossible

the probability of the event is 0

certainty

the probability of the event is 1

unusual event

probability less than .05 (or 5%)

equal outcomes

each outcome has the same chance of occurring

nCr

without order or replacement

nPr

w order and without replacement