structure of the respiratory system

what divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides

nasal septum

deviated septum

condition that causes snoring

pharynx

the tube that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus

trachea

tube in humans extending from the larynx to the bronchi, e for conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe

larynx

muscular and cartilaginous structure lined with mucous membrane at the upper part of the trachea in humans, in which the vocal cords are located

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bronchus

 either of the two main branches of the trachea

bronchioli

small branch of a bronchus

alveoli

an air cell of the lungs, formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways

capilary

one of the minute blood vessels between the terminations of the arteries and the beginnings of the veins

pulmonary capillaries

transfer of O2 into the blood and CO2 out of it in gaseous exchange with the air

lungs

two saclike respiratory organs in the thorax of humans

diaphragm

partition separating the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity in mammals; spasms of this muscle result in hiccups

total lung capacity

sum of the inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes plus the tidal volume and the residual volume

tidal volume

volume of air inspired or expired

inspiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be inspired forcefully

expiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcefully expired

regions of pharynx

nasopharynx, orsopharynx, laryngopharynx

residual volume

volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages

vital capacity

maximum volume of air that a person can expel from his respiratory tract after a maximum inspiration

carbonic anhrydrase

enzyme that catalyzes the reversible combination of carbon dioxide with water to form or break-down carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells

epiglottis

flap over larynx that closes when swallowing & prevents food from passing into the trachea

glottis

opening between vocal chords

true VC

vocal cords (produce sounds)

false vocal chords

vestibular folds (close larynx)

androgens

make folds thicker and looser in men as opposed to small and tight in females

HC03

bicarbonate; these ions are produced in red blood cells as CO2 increases

H2C03

carbonic acid, forms when CO2 mixes with water in the cell’s cytoplasm

which of these would be involved with the 3rd stage of the passage of air through the respiratory system?

pharynx

responsible for warming, purifying and humidifying incoming air?

nose

characteristics of respiratory membrane

respiratory membrane consists of the alveolar and capillary walls. Gas exchange occurs across this membrane

trachea is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue containing goblet cells, which is helpful because

produces mucus that traps debris and cilia that sweep debris up, away from the lungs.

lobes of the left lung

2

lobes of the right lung

3

connected to alveloio

terminal bronchioles

alveoli

they are lined with simple squamous epithelial tissue for quick gas exchange and coated with surfactant