2.2A How did the Normans conquer England?

Sceptre.

Sceptre-rod that symbolised royal authority.

Merchants.

Merchants-traders.

Mints.

Mints-spaced where coins are made.

Shires.

Shires-countries.

Burhs.

Burhs-fortified towns built by the Saxons.

Housecarls.

Housecarls-saxon soldiers.

Fleet.

Fleet-a collecting of ships.

Fief.

Fief-a fief was a form of property, most often land, granted by a feudal lord to a vassal in exchange for allegiance and services, such as military support, labor, or payments.

Vassalage.

The person recieving the fief was known as the vassal, who swore loyalty to the overlord.

Feudal Contract.

Feudal Contract-a fief symbolised a mutual contract between a lord and a vassal.

Gatehouse.

Gatehouse-the only entry to the bailey.

Harrying.

Harrying-the brutal treatment of rebels.

Motte.

Motte-a huge mount of earth forming part of a castle.

Bailey.

Bailey-a large protected area for tables and workshops.

Palisade.

Palisade-a fence made of wooden stakes.

Rebellion.

Rebellion-an act of armed resistance to an established government or leader.

Baron.

Baron-a member of the lowest order of the British nobility.

Monarch.

Monarch-a sovereign head of state, especially of a King, queen or emperor.

Monk.

Monk-a member of a religious community of men typically living under rows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

Rebellion.

Rebellion-an act of armed resistance to an establish government or leader.

Territory.

Territory-an area of land under the jurisdiction of a ruler or state.

Byzantine.

Byzantine-relating to Byzantium-Constantinople (now Instanbul), Byzantine Empire.

Crusified.

Crusified-being executed by being nailed to a wooden cross.

Crusade.

Crusade-each of a series of medieval military expeditions made by Europeans to the Holy Lands in the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries.

Foot-soldiers.

Foot-soldiers-soldiers who did not have horses.

Jerusalem.

Jerusalem-city in the southern Levant.

Jesus.

Jesus-the central figure of the Christian religion.

Knights.

Knights-important soldiers who served a baron and the king.

Noblemen.

Noblemen-powerful lords such as barons.

Non-combatants.

Non-combatants-people who did not fight.

Pilgrim.

Pilgrim-a person who journeys to a sacred place for religious reasons.

Pope.

Pope-the leader of the Roman Catholic Church.

Seljuk Turks.

Seljuk Turks-was an Oghuz Turkic, Sunai Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate and contributed to Turko-Persian culture in West Asia and Central Asia.

Sins.

Sins-breaking the rules of the Chruch.

Baron.

Baron-powerful noblemen.

Manor.

Manor-an area of land owned by a knight.

Lord of the manor.

Lord of the manor-the leader of land area.

Psalm.

Psalm-a religious song.