Biology Assessment

Fatty Acids

Fatty Acids

Molecules with a hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group, serving as the building blocks of lipids, can be saturated or unsaturated.

Triglycerides

Common dietary fat form consisting of three fatty acid molecules esterified to a glycerol molecule, used for energy storage in adipose tissue.

Phospholipids

Components of cell membranes composed of two fatty acid chains, a glycerol backbone, a phosphate group, and a polar head group, forming lipid bilayers.

Steroids

Molecules with a characteristic four-ring structure, including cholesterol found in cell membranes and hormone precursors like estrogen and testosterone.

Waxes

Esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols, hydrophobic compounds used as protective coatings in plants and animals.

Energy Storage

Triglycerides in adipose tissue store energy for future use.

Cell Membrane Structure

Phospholipids form the cell membrane, controlling substance movement.

Insulation and Protection

Lipids, like adipose tissue, insulate and protect organs.

Signaling Molecules

Some lipids act as signaling molecules regulating physiological processes.

Structural Role

Lipids contribute to tissue and organ structure, like myelin sheaths protecting nerve fibers.

Primary Structure

The linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, determined by the genetic code.

Secondary Structure

Local folding patterns stabilized by hydrogen bonds, like alpha helices and beta sheets.

Tertiary Structure

The three-dimensional folding of a single polypeptide chain due to interactions between amino acid side chains.

Quaternary Structure

The arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits in a protein complex, varying from monomers to oligomers.