Med-School Memorisation Flashcards: Cranial Nerves, and Facial Muscles

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering coagulation factors, primary and secondary haemostasis, the 12 cranial nerves, terminal branches of CN VII, and muscles of facial expression based on lecture notes.

Haemophilia A

Genetic bleeding disorder caused by Factor VIII deficiency affecting the intrinsic pathway and resulting in prolonged aPTT.

Haemophilia B

Genetic bleeding disorder caused by Factor IX deficiency affecting the intrinsic pathway and resulting in prolonged aPTT.

Cranial Nerve I (CN I)

Olfactory nerve; sensory nerve responsible for smell.

Cranial Nerve II (CN II)

Optic nerve; sensory nerve responsible for vision.

Cranial Nerve III (CN III)

Oculomotor nerve; motor nerve controlling most extraocular movements, raising the eyelid, and carrying parasympathetic fibres for pupil constriction.

Cranial Nerve IV (CN IV)

Trochlear nerve; motor nerve innervating the superior oblique muscle ($\text{SO}_4$).

Cranial Nerve V (CN V)

Trigeminal nerve; major sensory nerve of the face and motor nerve for mastication, composed of $\text{V}_1$ (Ophthalmic), $\text{V}_2$ (Maxillary), and $\text{V}_3$ (Mandibular) divisions.

Cranial Nerve VI (CN VI)

Abducens nerve; motor nerve innervating the lateral rectus muscle ($\text{LR}_6$) to abduct the eye.

Cranial Nerve VII (CN VII)

Facial nerve; controls muscles of facial expression, carries taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue, and provides parasympathetic innervation to several glands.

Cranial Nerve VIII (CN VIII)

Vestibulocochlear nerve; sensory nerve responsible for hearing (cochlear component) and balance (vestibular component).

Cranial Nerve IX (CN IX)

Glossopharyngeal nerve; contributes to taste and sensation from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue, swallowing, and the afferent/sensory limb of the gag reflex.

Cranial Nerve X (CN X)

Vagus nerve; provides extensive parasympathetic innervation to thoracic and abdominal viscera, contributes to swallowing and phonation, and serves as the efferent/motor limb of the gag reflex.

Cranial Nerve XI (CN XI)

Accessory nerve; motor nerve innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Cranial Nerve XII (CN XII)

Hypoglossal nerve; motor nerve controlling movements of the tongue.

Temporal Branch of CN VII

Superior terminal branch of the facial nerve innervating muscles of the upper face including frontalis, corrugator supercilii, and superior orbicularis oculi.

Zygomatic Branch of CN VII

Terminal branch of the facial nerve innervating muscles around the eye, especially orbicularis oculi.

Buccal Branch of CN VII

Terminal branch of the facial nerve innervating muscles of the midface, including buccinator, orbicularis oris, and upper lip elevators.

Marginal Mandibular Branch of CN VII

Terminal branch of the facial nerve innervating muscles of the lower lip and chin, including depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, and mentalis.

Cervical Branch of CN VII

Inferior terminal branch of the facial nerve innervating the platysma muscle in the neck.

Frontalis

Muscle of facial expression that raises the eyebrows and wrinkles the forehead.

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscle of facial expression that closes the eyelids, including forceful closure and squinting.

Corrugator Supercilii

Muscle of facial expression that draws eyebrows medially and inferiorly, producing vertical frown lines.

Procerus

Muscle of facial expression that produces transverse wrinkles over the bridge of the nose.

Nasalis

Muscle of facial expression that compresses or dilates the nostrils.

Depressor Septi Nasi

Muscle of facial expression that helps depress the nasal septum.

Zygomaticus Major

Muscle of facial expression primarily responsible for elevating the corner of the mouth during smiling.

Levator Labii Superioris

Muscle of facial expression that elevates the upper lip.

Levator Anguli Oris

Muscle of facial expression that elevates the corner of the mouth.

Zygomaticus Minor

Muscle of facial expression that elevates the upper lip and helps expose upper teeth.

Risorius

Muscle of facial expression that retracts the corner of the mouth laterally, contributing to smiling.

Buccinator

Muscle of facial expression innervated by CN VII that compresses the cheek against the teeth to assist with blowing, sucking, and chewing.

Orbicularis Oris

Muscle of facial expression that closes and purses the lips.

Depressor Anguli Oris

Muscle of facial expression that pulls the corner of the mouth downward.

Depressor Labii Inferioris

Muscle of facial expression that pulls the lower lip downward.

Mentalis

Muscle of facial expression that protrudes/elevates the lower lip and wrinkles the chin.

Platysma

Muscle of facial expression extending into the neck that tenses neck skin and can help depress the lower lip and corner of the mouth.

Frontal Belly of Occipitofrontalis

Raises eyebrows, protracts scalp

Occipital belly of Occipitofrontalis

Retracts scalp

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

Elevates Eyebrows, is superior to the Palpebrae