The Early Republic: From Washington to Jackson

Cabinet System

Heads of departments who met with and advised the president, encouraging open discussion and varied perspectives.

Proclamation of Neutrality

Washington's declaration to refrain from involvement in international affairs, setting a precedent for US isolationism.

Whiskey Rebellion

A violent uprising among farmers in response to a new tax on whiskey, quelled by Washington's use of federal troops.

Naturalization Act, 1790

The first legislation to codify immigration in the US, limiting citizenship to 'free white persons'.

Fugitive Slave Act, 1793

Legislation allowing enslavers to seize escaped slaves and requiring state and federal aid to capture them.

Washington's Farewell Address

A letter in which Washington advised against political parties and warned of their divisive effects.

Federalists

Political faction led by Hamilton, favoring a strong federal government and a commerce-based economy.

Democratic-Republicans

Political faction led by Jefferson, advocating for stronger state governments and an agriculture-based economy.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws passed to control immigration and restrict criticism of the government, seen as targets against political opponents.

Marbury v. Madison

Landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review, determining the constitutionality of laws.

Republican Motherhood

The expectation that women would raise educated citizens while remaining excluded from political involvement.

Jeffersonian Democracy

Jefferson's vision of an agrarian nation with small farms and limited federal government.

Louisiana Purchase

The acquisition that doubled the size of the US, enhancing access to critical trade routes.

Louis and Clark Expedition

An expedition commissioned by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Territory and assess its resources.

War of 1812

Conflict between the US and Britain, fueled by trade issues and tensions with Native Americans.

Treaty of Ghent

The agreement that ended the War of 1812, restoring pre-war boundaries and status.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy declaring the Americas off-limits for future European colonization.

Jacksonian Democracy

The political movement led by Andrew Jackson promoting the interests of the 'common man' while often excluding others.

Populism

The belief that the common man should have power, which often leads to the anti-democratic concentration of power in a single leader.