BIOL 117: Module 6 Part 1

Are fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic organisms?

Eukaryotic.

Do we consider the phylogeny of fungi to be monophyletic or paraphyletic?

Most form monophyletic groups.

Are fungi unicellular, multicellular, or are both present in this group?

Both are present.

All fungal cells have cell walls made of what material?

Chitin.

What structure is formed by hyphae below ground?

Mycelium.

What structure is formed by hyphae above ground?

Spores.

What is the parais\`tic metabolic strategy?

Feed on living organisms.

What is the lichen forming metabolic strategy?

They live in association with green algae.

What is the mycorrhizal metabolic strategy?

Increase plant growth from the roots.

What is the endophytic metabolic strategy?

Lives within the plants without causing disease.

What is the saprophytic metabolic strategy?

Eats decaying matter.

What do lichens do?

Once algae photsynthesizes, the fungus absorbs the sugar.

What do ectomycorrhizal do?

Form sheaths around roots and penetrate between root cells.

What do arbuscular mycorrhizal do?

They grow directly into the root and sometimes inside the plant cell.

What is the major component of wood that some saprophytic fungi can digest?

Lignin and/or cellulose.

Are fungi male and female?

Not technically, but they perform the sex roles that are needed.

What is a spore?

Biological particles that allow the fungi to reproduce?

Are spores used in asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, or both?

They are used in asexual reproduction.

Mycelium undergo what kind of cell division to create a spore-producing structure?

Mycelium undergoes miosis.

The spore-producing structure undergoes what kind of cell division to create spores?

Spore-producting structure undergoes mitosis.

A spore undergoes what kind of cell division to produce mycelium?

A spore undergoes mitosis.

What is the ploidy of myeclium?

The mycelium is haploid.

What is ploidy of spore-producting structures?

Haploid (n).

What is the ploidy of a zygote?

Diploid (2n).

What is the ploidy of a heterokaryotic mycelium?

Heterokaryotic (n+n).

What is plasmogamy?

Fusion of the cytoplasm of two hyphae from different individuals.

What is karyogamy?

Fusion of nuclei from different mating types.

Once a zygote is formed, what type of cell division is needed to produce a spore-producing structure?

Meiosis.