Final HG&D

Increased pressure in the eye that damages the optic nerve, causing peripheral tunnel vision

Glaucoma

Clouding of the eye’s lens that causes blurry vision and glare

Cataract

What is the term for damage to the macula that causes loss of central vision while peripheral vision remains. Common with the elderly

Macular Degeneration

What is the firs sign of Alzheimers disease?

Short-term memory loss

How can the risk of SIDS be reduced?

Placing babies on their backs to sleep on a firm mattress with no loose bedding

What is a personal fable?

An adolescent’s belief that they are unique and invincible

What are boomerang childred?

Adult children who move back in with thier parents

What is the sandwich generation?

Middle-aged adults caring for both their children and aging parents

What is passive euthanasia?

Allowing natural death by withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment

What is the ability to apply knowledge, experience, and good judgement to life’s problems?

Wisdom

What is the permanent end of menstruation after 12 consecutive months without a period

Menopause

What is the term for age-related difficulty focusing on nearby objects

Presbycusis

What is the term for age-related difficulty focusing on nearby objects

Presbyopia

What is primary aging?

Aging caused by disease, lifestyle, or environmental factors

What type of intelligence involves the ability to solve new problems and think quickly; it declines with age

Fluid intelligence

What type of intelligence that involves accumulated knowledge and experience; it usually remains stable or improves with age?

Crystallized Intelligence

What age group is Erikson’s stage for, Generativity vs. Stagnation?

Middle adulthood

What adult group is Erikson’s stage, Integrity vs. Despair?

Older adulthood

What are the 5 stages of grief according to Elisabeth Kuber-Ross?

Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

According to George Vaillant, what does “keeping the meaning” mean?

Finding purpose after a loss by preserving memories and maintaining meaningful connections

According to Charles Corr, what psychological tasks do dying people face?

Physical comfort, psychological security, social relationships, and spiritual meaning

At what age do children usually understand that death is permanent?

7 -10yo

What are remote grandparents?

Grandparents with little involvement or contact

In Robert Peck’s Body Transcendence vs Body Preoccupation stage, what is body transcendence?

Focusing on relationships, hobbies, and purpose rather than physical decline

What does Robert Peck’s Ego Differentiation vs. Work-Role Preoccupation mean?

Finding identity and self-worth beyond your career after retirement

What does Robert Peck’s Ego Transcendence vs. Ego Preoccupation mean?

Finding meaning in legacy and contributions to others rather than dwelling on your own death

What is the fastest-growing age group in the population?

Adults 85yo and older

What are the leading causes of death in middle-aged adults in the U.S.?

Heart disease and cancer

What theory says successful aging occurs by maintaining activities and socia involvement?

Activity Theory

What is Daniel Levinson’s theory focused on?

Adult life structure and developmental transitions throughout adulthood

What is a thanatologist?

A professional who studies death and dying

What is sensory memory?

Very brief storage of sensory information

What is explicit (declarative) memory?

Memory for facts and events

What is explicit (declarative) memory?

Memory for facts and events

What is implicit (procedural) memory?

Memory for skills and habits, such as riding a bike

Which theory states that aging involves gradually withdrawing from society and social roles?

Disengagement

What are the stages of retirement?

Preretirement > Honeymoon > Disenchantment > Reorientation > Stability > Termination

What happens to the brain during normal aging?

Brain volume decreases slightly, processing speed and reaction time slow, and mild memory decline occurs, while vocabulary and general knowledge are preserved

What is the most common cancer in Women?

Breast

What is the leading cause of cancer deaths?

Lung cancer

Treatments for heart disease

Angioplasty, bypass, meds, pacemaker

Common sleep problems in middle adulthood

Insomnia and sleep apnea

Does crystallized intelligence increase or decrease over time?

Generally increases through middle adulthood

What happens to fluid intelligence?

Declines beginning in early adulthood

What occurs during Levinson’s middle adulthood transition?

Reassessment of self, relationships, and life goals

What are the four developmental tasks of Levinson?

Young-old, Destruction-Creation, Masculine-Feminine, Engagement-Separateness

What is Levinson’s Young-Old conflict?

Accepting aging while maintaining vitality

What is Levinson’s Masculine-Feminine transition?

Men become more nurturing; Women become more assertive

What is Vaillant’s “Keeper of Meaning”?

Passing traditions, culture, and values to future generations

What are the 3 grandparenting styles?

Involved, companionate, remote

What kind of grandparent is an active caregiver with major influence?

Involved Grandparent

What is a companionate grandparent?

Friend and supporter without primary caregiving

What is a remote grandparent?

Detached with little involvement

What are the three stages of abuse?

Tension building > Acute battering > Loving contrition (honeymoon)

What are benefits of leisure?

Less stress, lower blood pressure, improved immunity and mental health

When does late adulthood begin?

Approx 65yo

What is functional age?

A person’s actual physical and cognitive ability, regardness of chronolofical age

What is the term for negative aging stereotypes that reduce older adult’s performance?

Stereotype threat

What is senescence?

Primary aging. Normal, universal aging caused by genetics

What is secondary aging?

Aging caused by disease, poor lifestyle, or environmental factors

What medication is most commonly used for osteoporosis?

Alendronate (Fosamax)

What immune changes happen in older adults?

Less effective T-cells and increased infection risk

Does macular degeneration affect central vision or peripheral vision?

Central vision

What are some risk factors for age-related macular degeneration?

Smoking, obesity, family history

Protective factors for macular degeneration?

Exercise and vitamins C, E, A

What type of hearing changes happen with older adults?

Difficulty hearing high frequency sounds and conversations with background noise

What type of taste and smell changes happen in older adults?

Decreased taste and smell, increase in malnutrition and dehydration risk

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Autoimmune inflammation affecting the whole body

What is the most common psychological disorder in older adults?

Depression

What major neurocognitive disorder is common in older adults?

Dementia

What is the most common cause of dementia?

Alzheimer’s

What are the two types of Alzheimers?

Familial and sporadic

What principle states that OAs remember pleasant events more than unpleasant ones

Pollyana Principle

Why do many OAs avoid technology?

Less motivation and declining fluid intelligence

Erikson’s final stage

Ego integrity vs. Despair

Peck’s 3 developmental tasks

Redefinition of self, body transcendence, ego transcendence

What is disengagement theory?

Successful aging involves gradual withdrawal from society

What is selective optimization?

Focusing on strengths to compensate for losses

What are the 5 retirement stages?

Honeymoon, disenchantment, reorientation, retiremen routine, termination

What are the 3 stages of adjusting to widowhood?

Preparation, grief & mourning, adaptation

What is functional death?

Absence of heartbeat and breathing

Why is brain death used instead of heartbeat to determine death?

Modern technology can artificially maintain heartbeat and breathing

Infant mortality rate

Death during the first year

Leading causes of death during childhood

Accidents; MVA, drowning, fires

Leading causes of death in adolescents?

Accidents, homicide, suicide

Leading causes of death in young adults?

Accidents, suicide, homicide, cancer

Leading causes of death in middle adulthood

Heart disease and stroke

How do older adults generally view death?

More realistically and with less anxiety than middle-aged adults

Which group has the highest suicide rate?

White men over 85yo

What is Bonanno’s four components of grief?

Context, meaning, memory, coping & emotional regulation

What are secondary losses?

Losses caused by death beyond the person (income, companionship, future plans)

What are two tasks during Accomodation?

Readjust to the new world, reinvest emotional energy