Level 2: Ch. 31–32: Antimalarials, Anthelmintics, and HIV/AIDS Drugs

Vocabulary flashcards summarizing key terms and concepts from Chapters 31 and 32 on antimalarials, anthelmintics, and HIV/AIDS-related drugs.

Malaria Etiologic Agent

Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite (Plasmodium species).

Classic Malaria Symptoms

Fever, chills, and profuse sweating.

Primary U.S. Risk Group for Malaria

People who have recently traveled to malaria-endemic countries.

Chloroquine Prophylaxis Schedule

Begin 2 weeks before potential exposure and continue for 8 weeks after leaving the area.

Helminth Transmission Control

Practice handwashing, take daily showers, and change sheets and clothing regularly.

Protozoal Infections Treated by Metronidazole

Giardiasis, trichomoniasis, and amebiasis.

Neurologic Reactions to Metronidazole

Peripheral neuropathy and seizures.

Sign of Metronidazole Superinfection

White patches on the tongue indicating possible oral candidiasis.

Metronidazole–Alcohol Interaction

Concomitant alcohol can trigger a severe disulfiram-like reaction; must be avoided.

HIV Suppression Strategy

Requires lifelong combination antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Immune System Decline in AIDS

Rising viral load lowers CD4 T-cell count, weakening immune defenses.

HIV Window Period

10–14 day interval between infection and a positive antibody test.

Major HIV Transmission Routes

Semen, vaginal secretions, blood, and breast milk/placenta.

Zidovudine Black Box Warnings

Hepatotoxicity, lactic acidosis, myopathy, and bone marrow suppression.

Efavirenz Neuropsychiatric Effects

Dizziness, sedation, loss of consciousness, nightmares, and euphoria.

Protease Inhibitor Metabolic Issues

Dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.

Common HIV-Related Opportunistic Infections

Pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumococcal pneumonia, cryptosporidiosis, fungal infections, and Kaposi sarcoma.

Opportunistic Infection Prevention

Frequent handwashing, avoiding crowds, and getting the flu vaccine annually.

Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) for Health-Care Workers

Start PEP within 72 hours of exposure and continue treatment for 4 weeks.