APUSH TERMS 1-230

General Court

Representative assembly elected by "freemen"

John Winthrop

Leader of Massachusetts Bay Colony, allowed people to take part in their own government

Restoration Colonies

Group of colonies by English Kings

Leisler's Rebellion

American response to Glorious Revolution. Highlighted opposition to power concentrated in the wealthy class

Quaker

Taught that all persons had an Inner Light that allowed them to commune directly with God

Navigation Acts

Foundation for Britain's mercantilist system

Half-Way Covenant

Proposal none saints baptized to profess saving grace upon reaching adulthood

Dominion of New England

Britains first attempt to establish more control over colonies

Bacon's Rebellion

Uprising former indentured servants which occurred because of desire for Native American lands

Enlightenment

Intellectual movement that swept 18th century America. Rationalism; paved the way for Amer. Revolution

Great Awakening

New light vs. Old light; stressed emotional and personal experience of religion

Albany Congress

First attempt at colonial unification

French and Indian War

Further tax and control colonies- Its aftermath forced Britain to establish more control over the colonies and attempt to gain more revenue

Writs of Assistance

British attempt to strengthen mercantilism by allowing unwarranted searches

Stamp Act

"No taxation without representation"- met with violence

Townshend Acts

Britains attempt to externally tax colonies

Tea Act

Britain's attempt to bail out the East India Company

Common Sense

Revolutionary pamphlet

Second Continental Congress

First unofficial government of the US, organized Revolutionary War

Saratoga

Burgoyne's defeat that led to French assistance

Treaty of Paris 1783

America's first land acquisition was done through this

Articles of Confederation

Created a league of friendship between states and a weak central government

Newsburgh Conspiracy

Occurred because the army wasn't getting paid

Northwest Ordinance

One of the few successes by the Articles; set regulation for statehood

Shay's Rebellion

Caused by a poor economy for farmers after Revolutionary War, showed weakness of Articles of Confederation

Republican Motherhood

Defined the role of women in the early US; responsible for teaching their children virtues of being a good citizen

Federalist Papers

Meant to persuade New Yorkers to accept the Constitution

Anti-Federalists

Loosely -organized group that did not support a strong central government

Bill of Rights

First list of civil rights for Americans

Judicary Act of 1789

Set up federal court as we know it

Federal Naturalization Law of 1790

Stated only white persons were eligible to be citizens

Hamilton's Reports

3 messages that were meant to stabilize American economy

Jay's Treaty

Britain left the northwest forts in 1790

Pinckney Treaty

Agreement with Spain which opened Mississippi to trade

Whiskey Rebellion

Pennsylvania farmers hurt by taxes on corn led to this event

XYZ Affair

American peace delegation in France, wanted a bribe

Election of 1800

"We are federalists. We are all Republicans"

Alien and Sedition Acts

Aimed at hurting and quieting Republican opposition

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

According to these, states had the right to pronounce unconstitutional laws nullified

Marbury vs. Madison

Adams' appointment of midnight judges

Louisiana Purchase

One of Jefferson's inconsistencies; hoped it would solidify America's agrarian nature for years to come

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Group who gathered scientific data on their journey and strengthened US claim to Oregon

Yazoo Claims

Jefferson allowed corrupted investors to purchase 5 million acres of land

Chesapeak-Leopard Affair

War almost broke out in 1807

Embargo of 1807

Jefferson's attempt to be neutral in British-Franco conflict

Tecumseh

Alarmed by the loss of Native American land, tried to unite Native tribes

Treaty of Ghent

Showed the uselessness of the War of 1812

"American System"

National policy proposed by Henry Clay

Hartford Convention

New England Federalists drafted a list of proposals and threatened secession

Rush-Bagot Treaty

British warships would not remain in Great Lakes (demilitarization)

Barbary Wars

Began under Jefferson in response to demands of tribute from Tripoli

Adams-Onis Treaty

Gave US possession of Florida (from Spain) and set a border from Atlantic to Pacific

Monroe Doctrine

Final attempt in US foreign policy to settle outside influences during the Era of Good Feelings

Panic of 1819

Directly related to land over speculation - first major recession caused by poor banking and decreased American export demands

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Ruled that states could not interfere with legal contracts

McCulloch vs. Maryland

Established constitutionality of the Bank of the US; re-established dominance of federalism

Gibbons vs. Ogden

Established constitutionality of interstate commerce

Missouri Compromise

Attempt to appease both North and South by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state to the Union - established 36th parallel dividing North and South

Cotton Culture

Existed in the South due to the existence of slavery, plantations, and a dominant crop

Samuel Slater

Brought plans for textile factories to the US

Lowell System

Employed women in early factories/mills

Second Great Awakening

This had a marked emphasis on personal salvation and nationalistic faith

Corrupt Bargain

Jackson accused Adams and Clay of this

Tariff of Abominations

A high import duty on many products bought by Southern plantations

Kitchen Cabinet

A group of Partisan supporters who had Jackson's ear and confidence

Maysville Road

Jackson's veto of this signaled the end of internal improvements by the federal government

Worcester vs. Georgia

Ruling which supported Indian sovereignty; ignored by Jackson

The Webster-Hayne Debate (1830)

Occurred in the Senate. Argument over constitutionality of nullification

Force Bill

Empowered Jackson to use federal troops to enforce laws

Nicholas Biddle

Attempted to thwart Jackson's use of pet banks

Specie Circular

This stated that federal land sales could only be paid with hard money

Tocqueville's Democracy in America

Result of observations from traveling through America; observed the Trail of Tears

The Liberator

"And I will be heard"

Horace Mann

Education reformer

McGuffey readers

One of America's first standardized textbooks

Manifest Destiny

Idea that God had preordained American success and expansion

Wilmot Proviso

Stipulated any lands taken from Mexico could not practice slavery or hold slaves

Compromise of 1850

Allowed California to join the Union as a free state

Free Soil Party

Political unit meant to keep slavery from expanding

Commodore Matthew Perry

the commodore of the u.s. navy who compelled the opening of Japan to the west

"The American Scholar"

Ralph Waldo Emerson's speech

Seneca Falls Declaration

Early women's rights manifesto

Hudson River School

Painters who focused their work on America's natural landscape

Minstrel Shows

Shows by whites in blackface that perpetuated racist stereotypes about black people

Uncle Toms Cabin

Depiction of the evils of slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed Douglas's RR to take a Northern route

Bleeding Kansas

Mini "Civil War" that broke out; popular sovereignty

Dred-Scott Decision

Said slaves weren't citizens and therefore couldn't sue

Yeoman Farmers

Non-slaveholding family farmers

Hinton R. Helper

Revealed not all whites supported slavery

Know-Nothing Party

Highlighted the political unease in the 1850s; anti-foreign and anti-Catholic

Ostend Manifesto

Attempt to buy Cuba from Spain for $20 million - not carried out

Freeport Doctrine

Douglases position that upheld popular sovereignty

John Brown

Helped cause the Civil War; led to the South's creation of stronger militia

First Battle of Bull Run

Sent the message that the Civil War wouldn't be concluded so quickly

Homestead Act

The intention of this was to settle the Plains

"King Cotton"

The idea that cotton was so important it could dictate who foreign countries would side with during the Civil War

Battle of Antietam

Convinced Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction

Set forth Lincoln's plan to reunite the Union

Wade-Davis Bill

Early Republican outline of what would become radical Reconstruction of the South