Group 11 Fuzzy-Based Multi-Criteria Monitoring and Evaluation of Integrated Flood Risk Management Performance Using a Priority Ranking Methodology: A Case Study of Metro Manila, Philippines

The case study focuses on Integrated Flood Risk Management in ______ Manila, Philippines.

Metro

The main government agency involved is the Metro Manila Development Authority, or ______.

MMDA

The MMDA works with 13 Local Government Units, or ______.

LGUs

Another major agency involved is the Department of Public Works and ______.

Highways

The industry involved is Public Administration under Disaster Risk Reduction and ______ Risk Management.

Flood

The main service discussed is Integrated Flood Risk ______.

Management

Metro Manila consists of ______ cities.

13

Metro Manila serves more than ______ million residents.

13

Business Analytics was used to evaluate flood management performance and support planning, policy-making, and resource ______.

allocation

Traditional structural flood management alone proved inadequate in coping with ______ risks from extreme weather events.

residual

The primary business problem was the lack of a systematic, ______-driven system for monitoring IFRM.

data

The study lacked prescribed measurable ______ for IFRM in Metro Manila.

indicators

One major problem was the scarcity of comprehensive ______ data.

quantitative

The study relied heavily on qualitative ______ opinions.

expert

The evaluation involved ______ IFRM strategies.

four

The study identified ______ barriers related to governance, social, and technological resources.

12

Approximately ______% of natural disasters from 1995–2015 were flood-related.

47%

Primary data was collected through interviews and ______ with practitioners.

surveys

The study collected practitioner data from all ______ Metro Manila cities.

13

Experts from the ______ provided additional input for the barrier analysis.

DPWH

The study used ______ performance indicators across the IFRM strategies.

15

The four IFRM strategies were prevention, preparedness, response, and ______/rehabilitation.

recovery

The data was primarily ______-structured to unstructured qualitative data.

semi

The data was described as subjective, imprecise, and ______-dependent.

context

The study involved a ______ to medium volume of data.

small

Descriptive Analytics was used to answer the question, “What is ______?”

happening

Performance Monitoring and ______ was used to evaluate IFRM performance.

Evaluation

The abbreviation for Performance Monitoring and Evaluation is ______.

M&E

The study used Fuzzy-Based Multi-Criteria ______ to analyze qualitative data.

Evaluation

The abbreviation for Fuzzy-Based Multi-Criteria Evaluation is ______.

FME

The study also used Priority Ranking ______.

Methodology

The abbreviation for Priority Ranking Methodology is ______.

PRM

Fuzzy logic was used to handle the ______ nature of the qualitative data.

imprecise

The methodology assigned ______ to the 15 indicators.

weights

Priority ranking was used to determine the relative importance of IFRM strategies and measures based on ______.

priority

One prevention indicator was structural measures ______.

effectiveness

One prevention indicator was land-use regulation ______.

compliance

One preparedness indicator was flood forecasting ______.

accuracy

One preparedness indicator was warning system ______.

coverage

One response indicator was emergency response ______.

time

One response indicator was evacuation ______.

efficiency

One recovery indicator was post-flood reconstruction ______.

speed

The framework produced city-level, regional, and strategy-specific ______.

reports

The results could be shown through performance scorecards, comparative bar charts, and ______ charts.

radar

Metro Manila achieved an overall ______ performance level.

Good

The framework transformed qualitative expert opinions into measurable performance ______.

scores

The study found ______ barriers to IFRM adaptation.

12

The biggest challenge was the lack of a sole organizing ______ under governance barriers.

body

The study identified ______ as the most influential barrier to IFRM implementation.

governance

The framework can be replicated in other ______-poor areas facing similar flood management challenges.

data

Business Analytics helped policymakers improve decision-making and ______ allocation.

resource

The study showed that advanced analytics can transform qualitative expert judgments into ______ performance scores.

measurable

The framework helped decision-makers compare the performance of ______ cities.

13

The study concluded that Metro Manila's IFRM achievements were “not yet ______.”

substantial

Business Analytics supported ______-driven governance instead of intuition-based decision-making.

data

The framework was considered useful for other flood-prone regions in the ______ and other developing countries.

Philippines