HBS Unit 3.2.4

Human Body Systems study guide eye anatomy and conditions

Immune Privilege

Limits the body's normal inflammatory responses (eye, brain, testes).

Cornea

A transparent film that focuses light and protects the eye from foreign damage.

Pupil

Controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

Iris

Controls the amount of light that enters the eye (with the pupil).

Sclera

The whites of your eyes, protect the eye, shielding it from external matter and damage.

Retina

Converts light into electrical signals to send to the optic nerve (contains sensitive nerve cells).

Vitreous Humor

Jelly substance that maintains eye shape, vision clarity, and protects the retina.

Aqueous Humor

Provides nutrients, removes waste, maintains pressure, and shape of the eye.

Lens

Focuses light onto the retina.

Optic Nerve

Sends images to the brain.

Tapetum

Provides night vision for animals like cows and cats.

Blind Spot

A gap in vision where we are technically blind.

Occipital Lobe

Area of the brain that processes signals sent from the optic nerve.

Fatty Pads

Protect and cushion the eye and eye sockets of the skull.

Extraocular Muscles

Coordinate eye movements.

Tear Gland/Duct

Contains enzymes that wash away foreign material and provide moisture.

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

A condition where a small blood vessel in the sclera breaks and bleeds.

Conjunctivitis

Pink Eye, an inflammation of the white parts of the eye.

Loiasis

Parasite infection (Loa Loa Worm) in between the conjunctiva and sclera.

Onchocerciasis

Parasitic disease worms (Onchocerca volvulus).