Transport In Cells | COMPLETE NOTES

What is diffusion?

Random particle movement from high to low concentration aiming for equilibrium.

What is osmosis?

Water diffusion across a semipermeable membrane, moving from high to low concentration areas, aiming for equilibrium.

What causes endosmosis in plant cells?

Water molecules osmose from a dilute hypotonic solution into the plant cell with a lower water potential.

What effect does a hypotonic solution have on plant cells?

The cell swells and becomes firm due to turgor pressure.

What happens to plant cells in an isotonic solution?

There is equal water movement into and out of the cells resulting in no internal pressure and flaccid cells.

What happens to plant cells in a hypertonic solution?

Water moves out of the cells, leading to exosmosis and cell plasmolysis.

How does osmosis function in animal cells?

It is crucial for maintaining cell shape, preventing dehydration, and regulating ion and molecule concentration.

What is a common mechanism animal cells use to regulate osmotic balance?

Pumping out excess water or taking in ions.

What is active transport?

Substances moving across a membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP).

What is an example of active transport?

Sodium ions are transported to the external fluid bathing human nerve cells.

What is pinocytosis?

The active uptake of large molecules from a solution involving invagination of the plasma membrane.

What is phagocytosis?

The cellular process of engulfing solid particles by the cell membrane to form an internal phagosome.

What role do lysosomes play in cellular digestion?

They may fuse with the food vacuole to empty digestive enzymes and digest the food for cytoplasmic absorption.