joints

structural joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

functional joint

-Synarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Diarthrosis

Synarthrosis

sutures, gomophosis, syndesmosis , functional

arphriothrosis

synchondrosis, symphsis , cartilaougnous

diarthrosis

planes, condylar, synovial

Bony Joint (Synostosis)

immoable least mobile joint, between two bones

ossify, and they become in effect, a single bone,Occur most often in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint

Occur most often in either fibrous or cartilaginous joint

serrate - interlocking wavy lines

― coronal, sagittal and lambdoid

sutures

• lap (squamous)- overlapping

beveled edges

― temporal and parietal

Gomphosis

only joint that doesnt joing two bones, tooth root, Held in place by fibrous

periodontal ligament (collagen)

Syndesmosis -

a fibrous joint at which two bones are bound by

longer collagenous fibers, interosseus membrane, betweeen radio and tibia

Symphysis

two bones

joined by fibrocartilage

Synchondroses

Epiphyseal

plate

Synovial Joints:

nothing directly covering bones,

Articular cartilage

- layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the

facing surfaces of two bones, damage is osethorsis

Synovial fluid

slippery lubricant in joint cavity

• rich in albumin and hyaluronic acid

articular disc

forms a pad between articulating bones that

crosses the entire joint capsule, tmj, moves a lot

meniscus

in the knee, two cartilages extend inward from the

left and right but do not entirely cross the joint

tendon sheath

reduce inflammation and friction

Three factors determine stability of joints to prevent

dislocations:

Shape of articular surface (minor role), Ligament number and location, Muscle tone keeps tendons taut as they cross joints

muscle tonin

most important for stablity, active function for nervous system,

Range of motion determined by:

structure of the articular surfaces,strength and tautness of ligaments and joint capsules,action of the muscles and tendons

elbow -

olecranon of ulna fits into olecranon fossa of

humerus

Origin

attachment to immovable bone, proximal, medial

Insertion

attachment to movable bone, distal , lateral

Nonaxial:

carpal

uniaxial

plane

biaxial

wrist

mutuaxial

shoulder, hip joint

Three general types of movements

Gliding

• Angular movements

• Rotation

Plane joint

Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, joints between

vertebral articular surfaces, sygophosesis

Hinge joint

Elbow joints, interphalangeal joints

Pivot joint

Proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint

Condylar joint

Examples: Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints

Saddle joint

Example: Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

Ball-and-socket joint

Shoulder joints and hip joints

Acetabulofemoral Joint

more stabile, more likely to break then dislocate

Iliofemoral

ligament

largergest and strongest

only way to dislocate hip

femoral head pop out of both Iliofemoral

ligament Ischiofemoral

ligament.

largets and most complix synovlial joint

knee

Sprains

Reinforcing ligaments are stretched or torn

Cartilage

is broken down faster than it is replaced

is broken down faster than it is replaced

autoimmune disease, can attack the heart

Gouty Arthritis

driven by diet slaty food,