directional, regianl, planes, and body cacities HBS

Proximal to distal

From a certain point, proximal is closer and distal is further. Example: the hip is proximal to the knee

Lateral to medial

Lateral is away from the central line or toward the outer side of the body. Medial is towards the central line (median plane)

Posterior or dorsal to anterior or ventral

Posterior means toward the back of the body and anterior means towards the front. Example: the lungs are anterior to the spine

Cranial to caudal

Cranial means towards the head and causal means towards the tailbone. Example: the nose is cranial to the ribs

Superior to inferior

Superior means towards the top (head) and inferior means towards the bottom (feet)

Cornel plane

Divide the body vertically into front and back half’s

Sagittal plane

Divides the body vertically into unequal left and right portions

Transverse plane

Divide the body into upper and lower half’s (splits on hip)

Median plane

Divide the body vertically into equal left and right portions

Dorsal body cavity

Back side of the body and protects the structures of the nervous system. Contains the cranial and vertebral cavity’s.

Ventral body cavities

In the front of the body and protects major internal organs. Contains abdominal, thoracic, and pelvic cavities

Cranial cavity

The space formed by the bones of the skull and contains the brain

Vertebral cavity

The space formed my the vertebral bones and contains the spinal cord

Abdominal cavity

Largest hollow space and contains liver, stomach, spleen, kidneys, small intestines, and most large intestines.

Thoracic cavity

Chest cavity and contains heart and lungs. Enclosed by the ribs and provides space for the lungs to expand and contract

Pelvic cavity

Sits below the abdominal cavity and contains the bladder and reproductive organs