Music II-IV (2025-26)

20th century

Century that the blues rose to international attention

The music of people, a style of music, a type of performance, a despondent state of mind, and a musical form

Meanings (5) of the word “blues”

Melisma

Technique where one syllable is set to multiple pitches in the melody

Third and seventh

Numbers of steps (2) that are subtly modified in the “blues scale” (the “blue notes”)

African

Culture that call-and-response, melismas, and blue notes are all derived from

Duple or quadruple

Meters (2) that 12-bar blues are set in

Third

Number phrase that is referred to the “punch line” in blues lyrics

a a b

Diagram of the blues lyrics

Andrew Lloyd Webber

Composer that made “Poppa’s Blues”

Hundreds

Number of years (vague) that blue has been associated with melancholy for

“Blue devils”

Synonym for depression

Country blues

First known type of blues-singing

Late 19th century

Century that country blues may date back to

Mississippi Delta

Region in which many of the first blue singers lived in

Folk blues, southern blues, delta blues, or down-home blues

Nicknames (4) for the country-blues style

Blind Lemon Jefferson, Huddie Ledbetter

Earliest (2) recorded country-blues singers

“Lead Belly”

Nickname for Huddie Ledbetter

Robert Johnson

Singer who disappeared for 6 months and came back with improved guitar skills

Classic blues

“Younger cousin” to the country-blues style

Urban blues, city blues, or vaudeville blues

Nicknames (3) for classic blues

Combo

Name for a small ensemble of players that usually accompanied classic blues singers

W.C. Handy

One of the earliest publishers of printed blues tunes

1912

Year of the first sheet music by W.C. Handy

1933

Year of the first records by Huddie Ledbetter

1926

Year of the first records by Blind Lemon Jefferson

Bessie Smith

“Empress of the Blues”

3 years in the early 1920s

Number of years and decade during which Bessie Smith was refused studio time

1970s

Decade during which Columbia Records issued a five double-album set of records devoted to Bessie Smith

February 1923

Month and year when Columbia Records gave Bessie Smith a chance

“Down Hearted Blues”, “Gulf Coast Blues”

Bessie Smith’s first recordings (2)

6 million

Number of copies sold of Bessie Smith’s various records during her first 6 years

2 million

Number of copies sold of Bessie Smith’s records within her first 10 months

March 18, 1926

Exact date that Bessie Smith recorded “Lost Your Head Blues”

3 years

How many years after her first pair of hits did Bessie Smith record Lost Your Head Blues?

Joe Smith

Cornet player for Lost Your Head Blues

Fletcher Henderson

Piano player for Lost Your Head Blues

Trumpet

Instrument that a cornet is very similar to

E flat

Key that the supporting foundation of Lost Your Head Blues is in

a a b

Lyrical pattern used in Lost Your Head Blues

Fill

Name for an interlocking cornet motif

Slide

Informal name for glissando

New Orleans jazz, Dixieland, Chicago jazz

Earliest approaches to jazz (3)

New Orleans

City that the earliest jazz was centered in

Sidney Story

City alderman that drafted legislation that limited prostitution to one part of town

1897

Year that legislation was drafted that limited areas of prostitution

8 blocks wide and 11 blocks long

Dimensions of Storyville

Canal Street

Street dividing “white” and “black” Storyville

Cornet, trombone, clarinet, bass or tuba, drums, and piano/banjo/guitar

Instruments in a typical combo

Ragtime

Old popular style used as the foundation for many early jazz pianists

Collective improvisation

Technique found in Latin American and African traditions where multiple players improvise simultaneously to create heterophony

Dixieland

Style label of jazz reserved for white ensembles

“Livery Stable Blues”

Song of the first known “jazz” recording

1917

Year of the first known “jazz” recording

1917

Year that the US entered World War I

5 miles

Distance within which no open prostitution could take place from an army training camp during WWI

Newton W. Baker

Secretary of War that demanded Storyville’s closure during WWI

American Social Hygiene Organization

Organization that mounted the morality campaign reflected by Secretary Baker during WWI

Heterophony

Predominant texture in New Orleans jazz

King

Nickname assigned to the lead cornet player in many New Orleans combos

King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band

Joe “King” Oliver’s band name

April 1923

Month and year during which Joe King Oliver began recordings

Richmond, Indiana

Location of the Gennett studio Joe King Oliver recorded in

4 hours

Time duration of the bus ride from Chicago to the Joe King Oliver’s studio

Southeast

Cardinal direction of Joe King Oliver’s studio in relation to Chicago

July 1922

Month and year that Louis Armstrong was hired by King Oliver

Satchmo

Louis Armstrong’s nickname

6 and 7

Chorus numbers (2) during which King Oliver played the solos in Dippermouth Blues

Honré Dutry

Trombone player for Dippermouth Blues

Johnny Dodds

Clarinetist for Dippermouth Blues

Warren “Baby” Dodds

Drummer/woodblockist for Dippermouth Blues

Bill Johnson

Banjo player for Dippermouth Blues

Lillian Hardin

Pianist for Dippermouth Blues

3, 4, 6, 7

Chorus numbers (4) that feature an extended solo in Dippermouth Blues and are more characteristic of Chicago jazz than New Orleans jazz

1, 2, 5, 8, 9

Chorus numbers (5) that feature heterophony in Dippermouth Blues

Bill Johnson

Player who calls out, “Oh, play that thing!” in Dippermouth Blues

Sock-chorus, out-chorus

Nicknames (2) for a collective-improvisation ending

Wah-wah mute

Alteration to a cornet’s timbre by flexing a plunger in front of the cornet bell

Lillian Hardin

The only person in Oliver’s band that received considerable formal music training

Jazz Wonder Child

Lil Hardin’s nickname

1924

Year that Lillian Hardin and Louis Armstrong got married

Fletcher Henderson Orchestra

Orchestra for which Louis Armstrong became the first cornet player

Trumpet

Instrument that Louis Armstrong acquired in New York

The Hot Five

Name of the quintet that posterity has called “the single most influential combo in the history of jazz”

Kid Edward Ory

Trombonist for the Hot Five

Lillian Hardin

Pianist for the Hot Five

Johnny Dodds

Clarinet for the Hot Five

Jonny St. Cyr

Banjo player for the Hot Five

$50

Amount per player that Okeh Records offered to pay for a recording session

1926

Year that “Heebie Jeebies” by the Hot Five was recorded

Scat singing

Technique in which the vocalist sings nonsense syllables

Lonnie Johnson

Guitarist that joined the Hot Five

6

Number of songs recorded between December 9 and 13 by the Hot Five

December 13, 1927

Date that “Hotter Than That” was recorded

32-bar form; song form

Form of “Hotter Than That”

Changes

Name for the series of chord that are the foundation of a song

Tiger Rag

Song that Hotter Than That takes its foundational chords from

11

Number of syncopated high “C” pitches played by Armstrong in the second half of Chorus 4 of Hotter Than That

1930s and 1940s

Decades (2) during which the “Swing Era” dominated the nation

Duke Ellington, Count Basie, Fletcher Henderson

Names (3) of the band leaders who were most influential in “pre-swing” music

2000

Approximate number of music pieces that Duke Ellington composed